ADHDgene: a genetic database for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
With a worldwide prevalence of ~5%, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become one of the most common psychiatric disorders. The polygenetic nature of ADHD indicates that multiple genes jointly contribute to the development of this complex disease. Studies aiming to explore genetic susceptibility of ADHD have been increasing in recent years. There is a growing need to integrate the genetic data from various genetic studies to provide a comprehensive data set and uniform access for convenience of in-depth data mining. So far, there has been no such effort for ADHD. To address the genetic complexity of ADHD, we developed the ADHDgene database by integrating ADHD-related genetic factors by profound literature reading. Based on the data from the literature, extended functional analysis, including linkage disequilibrium analysis, pathway-based analysis and gene mapping were performed to provide new insights into genetic causes of ADHD. Moreover, powerful search tools and a graphical browser were developed to facilitate the navigation of the data and data connections. As the first genetic database for ADHD, ADHDgene aims to provide researchers with a central genetic resource and analysis platform for ADHD and is freely available at http://adhd.psych.ac.cn/.
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Specific alleles of DRD4 and SNAP25 were significantly associated with ADHD in more than 70% of studies, whereas DRD5 and SLC6A3 were slightly above 60%, and SLC6A4 and HTR1B were less consistent.
“speci fi c alleles of the DRD4 and SNAP25 genes were found to be signi fi cantly associated with ADHD in more than 70% of the studies, whereas the percentage of signi fi cant associations for DRD5 and SLC6A3 is slightly above 60%”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Zhang et al., 2011
The Introduction says DRD4 and SLC6A3 have been implicated in ADHD, while also describing study results as inconsistent. The paper’s core-data section explains how it classifies significant associations, but our copy gives no study percentages for DRD4, SNAP25, DRD5, or SLC6A3, and does not establish the claimed comparison. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Zhang, L., Chang, S., Li, Z., Zhang, K., Du, Y., Ott, J., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, J.
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-11-10
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- D1
- Pages
- D1003-D1009
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC3245028
- OpenAlex
- W2129146249
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (KSCX2-EW-J-8, 81101545)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EWJ-8)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, genetic susceptibility, polygenic disease, genetic databases, linkage disequilibrium, pathway analysis, gene mapping, functional analysis
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Chromosome Mapping, Humans, Linkage Disequilibrium, Databases, Genetic, Genome-Wide Association Study
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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