Shedding of hepatitis C virus in semen of human immunodeficiency virus-infected men.
Open accessAbstract
Background. The epidemic of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) has been documented for over a decade. Despite this, there is no consensus as to the risk factors for sexual acquisition of HCV in these men. Methods. We obtained paired semen and blood samples at 2-week intervals from HIV-infected MSM with recent and chronic HCV infection and quantified HCV in semen. Results. Hepatitis C virus was quantified in 59 semen specimens from 33 men. Hepatitis C virus was shed in 16 (27%) of semen specimens from 11 (33%) of the men. Median HCV viral load (VL) in semen was 1.49 log10 IU/mL. Hepatitis C virus VL in blood was significantly higher at the time of HCV shedding in semen than when HCV shedding in semen was not detected (P = .002). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the HCV VL in blood and semen overall (rs = 0.41; P = .001), and in the subgroup with recent HCV infection (rs = 0.37; P = .02), but not in the subgroup with chronic HCV infection (rs = 0.34; P = .1). Conclusions. One third of HIV-infected MSM coinfected with HCV shed HCV into their semen. Based on the HCV VL in semen in this study, an average ejaculate would deliver up to 6630 IU of virus into the rectum of the receptive partner. Therefore, our data strongly support that condoms should be used during anal intercourse among MSM to prevent transmission of HCV.
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Risk of HCV infection increases commensurate with increasing numbers of sex partners among heterosexual persons and MSM with HIV infection, especially if their partners are also coinfected with HIV.
“Certain studies have revealed that risk increases commensurate with increasing numbers of sex partners among heterosexual persons (1337,1338,1351–1353) and MSM with HIV infection (1349,1354–1357), especially if their partners are also coinfected with HIV (237,1340,1354–1356,1358).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [1349]
The Abstract and Conclusions discuss sexual HCV transmission among HIV-infected MSM and report that semen from men with HIV/HCV coinfection can contain HCV. They do not establish that HCV risk rises with the number of sex partners, address that relationship among heterosexual persons, or compare risk by partners’ HIV coinfection status. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredShedding of HCV in the semen and in the rectum of men with HIV infection has been documented.
“Shedding of HCV in the semen and in the rectum of men with HIV infection has been documented (1349,1350).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [1349]
Continued unprotected sexual contact between partners with HIV can facilitate spread of HCV infection because the virus can be recovered from the semen of men with HIV infection.
“Continued unprotected sexual contact between partners with HIV can facilitate spread of HCV infection because the virus can be recovered from the semen of men with HIV infection (1349,1381).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [1349]
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- Authors
- Turner, S. S., Gianella, S., Yip, M. J.-S., van Seggelen, W. O., Gillies, R. D., Foster, A. L., Barbati, Z. R., Smith, D. M., & Fierer, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Corresponding author
- Turner, Samuel S.
- Venue
- Open Forum Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- ofw057-ofw057
- ISSN
- 2328-8957 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4866572
- OpenAlex
- W2343697776
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 4.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Open Forum Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI036214, AI100665)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Keywords
- hepatitis C virus, HIV/HCV coinfection, semen, viral shedding, men who have sex with men, HCV RNA viral load, anal sex, condom use, HIV transmission
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