Adiponectin Expression From Human Adipose Tissue
Open accessAbstract
Adiponectin is a 29-kDa adipocyte protein that has been linked to the insulin resistance of obesity and lipodystrophy. To better understand the regulation of adiponectin expression, we measured plasma adiponectin and adipose tissue adiponectin mRNA levels in nondiabetic subjects with varying degrees of obesity and insulin resistance. Plasma adiponectin and adiponectin mRNA levels were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.80, P < 0.001), and obese subjects expressed significantly lower levels of adiponectin. However, a significant sex difference in adiponectin expression was observed, especially in relatively lean subjects. When men and women with a BMI <30 kg/m2 were compared, women had a twofold higher percent body fat, yet their plasma adiponectin levels were 65% higher (8.6 ± 1.1 and 14.2 ± 1.6 μg/ml in men and women, respectively; P < 0.02). Plasma adiponectin had a strong association with insulin sensitivity index (SI) (r = 0.67, P < 0.0001, n = 51) that was not affected by sex, but no relation with insulin secretion. To separate the effects of obesity (BMI) from SI, subjects who were discordant for SI were matched for BMI, age, and sex. Using this approach, insulin-sensitive subjects demonstrated a twofold higher plasma level of adiponectin (5.6 ± 0.6 and 11.2 ± 1.1 μg/ml in insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subjects, respectively; P < 0.0005). Adiponectin expression was not related to plasma levels of leptin or interleukin-6. However, there was a significant inverse correlation between plasma adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression (r = −0.47, P < 0.005), and subjects with the highest levels of adiponectin mRNA expression secreted the lowest levels of TNF-α from their adipose tissue in vitro. Thus, adiponectin expression from adipose tissue is higher in lean subjects and women, and is associated with higher degrees of insulin sensitivity and lower TNF-α expression.
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Increased inflammatory cytokines and decreased total and HMW adiponectin concentrations have been associated with obesity, intra-abdominal fat accumulation, insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease.
“Increased inflammatory cytokines and decreased total and HMW adiponectin concentrations have been associated with obesity (45,46), intra-abdominal fat accumulation (47), insulin resistance (48), the metabolic syndrome (49), and cardiovascular disease (50).”
From Age, Obesity, and Sex Effects on Insulin Sensitivity and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function (2010) · cites this paper as [46]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kern, P. A., Di Gregorio, G. B., Lu, T., Rassouli, N., & Ranganathan, G.
- Affiliations
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System (US)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- ORCID
- Kern, Philip A.
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-07-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1779-1785
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2470404765
- Cited by
- 875
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 35.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Arkansas
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- National Institutes of Health
- School of Medicine, Indiana University
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 39176)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR014288)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- adiponectin, adipose tissue, obesity, insulin resistance, sex differences, insulin sensitivity index, TNF-α, plasma adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Obesity, Proteins, Reference Values, RNA, Messenger, Sex Characteristics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Body Mass Index, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Adiponectin
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