Fish consumption and cardiovascular disease in the physicians’ health study: A prospective study
Abstract
The authors examined the association between dietary intake of fish and omega 3 fatty acids from seafood and the risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort study of 21,185 US male physicians who are participants in the Physicians' Health Study. In 4 years of follow-up, there were 281 incident cases of total (fatal and nonfatal) myocardial infarction, 173 cases of stroke, and 121 cardiovascular deaths. There was no evidence for association between dietary intake of fish and any cardiovascular endpoint, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. The relative risks of total myocardial infarction, adjusted for age and randomized treatment assignment, for categories of fish intake were: 1.0 for < 1 meal/week (referent), 1.6 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.1-2.3) for 1 fish meal/week; 1.4 (95% Cl 1.0-2.0) for 2-4 fish meals/week; and 1.2 (95% Cl 0.6-2.2) for > or = 5 fish meals/week; chi 2 for trend = 0.9, p = 0.34. The relative risks were similar for omega 3 fatty acid intake and for specific types of fish, and did not change after adjustment for history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, or angina pectoris, parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60 years, obesity, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, saturated fat intake, and vitamin supplement use. These data do not support the hypothesis that moderate fish consumption lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Fish, an important source of trimethylamine in the diet, is not associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in the Physicians' Health Study.
“In addition, fish, which is an important source of trimethylamine in the diet [50], is not associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in the Physicians’ Health Study [51].”
From Trimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown. (2016) · cites this paper as [51]
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Fish oil in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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“The present lack of a protective effect of EPA þ DHA on stroke is in accordance with some other investigations 22,23 and with the general concept that stroke is associated with other risk factors than AMI.”
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Mushroom Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review
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Fish Consumption, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
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Fish Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review
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Fish Consumption and Stroke Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Morris, M. C., Manson, J. E., Rosner, B., Buring, J. E., Willett, W. C., & Hennekens, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morris, Martha Clare
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-07-15
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 166-175
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2271684178
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 7.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-34595, HL 26490, R01HL034595)
- National Cancer Institute (CA 34944)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acids, seafood, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, dietary intake, male physicians, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Diet, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Seafood
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