The self and its prolonged intrinsic neural timescale in schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) can be characterized as a basic self-disorder that is featured by abnormal temporal integration on phenomenological (experience) and psychological (information processing) levels. Temporal integration on the neuronal level can be measured by the brain’s intrinsic neural timescale using the autocorrelation window (ACW) and power-law exponent (PLE). Our goal was to relate intrinsic neural timescales (ACW, PLE), as a proxy of temporal integration on the neuronal level, to temporal integration related to self-disorder on psychological (Enfacement illusion task in electroencephalography) and phenomenological (Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience [EASE]) levels. SCZ participants exhibited prolonged ACW and higher PLE during the self-referential task (Enfacement illusion), but not during the non-self-referential task (auditory oddball). The degree of ACW/PLE change during task relative to rest was significantly reduced in self-referential task in SCZ. A moderation model showed that low and high ACW/PLE exerted differential impact on the relationship of self-disorder (EASE) and negative symptoms (PANSS). In sum, we demonstrate abnormal prolongation in intrinsic neural timescale during self-reference in SCZ including its relation to basic self-disorder and negative symptoms. Our results point to abnormal relation of self and temporal integration at the core of SCZ constituting a “common currency” of neuronal, psychological, and phenomenological levels.
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Our findings complement evidence from psychiatric populations, suggesting that dysfunctional allostatic-interoception may be a transdiagnostic feature.
“Our findings complement evidence from psychiatric populations,35,89,90 suggesting that dysfunctional allostatic-interoception may be a transdiagnostic feature.11”
From Altered spatiotemporal brain dynamics of interoception in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (2025) · cites this paper as [89]
Altered intrinsic neural timescales measured by the ACW are observed in psychiatric conditions during resting state and self-referential processing.
“Altered intrinsic neural timescales measured by the ACW are observed in psychiatric conditions during resting state and self-referential processing.35,89,90”
From Altered spatiotemporal brain dynamics of interoception in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (2025) · cites this paper as [89]
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Reduced temporal variability of cortical excitation/inhibition ratio in schizophrenia
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Coupled neural timescales in social interaction
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Self-citationLong-range temporal correlations in violence and psychosis: An EEG-based study
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Le, G. H., Wong, S., Luch, S. D. D., Orsini, D. K., Vasudeva, S., Agarwal, S. M., Llach, C.-D., Rosenblat, J. D., & McIntyre, R. S. (2026) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.70143 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Abnormal intrinsic neural timescale and reduced grey matter volume in Parkinson’s diseasePreprint
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Background and foreground layers I
Northoff, G. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821935-5.00003-x
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Pochinok, I., Hanganu‐Opatz, I. L., & Chini, M. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.01.668071
Hayashi, S. R., Grigoryan, A. K., & Froese, T. (2025) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-025-04491-z
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Pochinok, I., Hanganu‐Opatz, I. L., & Chini, M. (2026) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013385
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Basic Self-disorders Across Psychiatric Diagnoses and Risk Syndromes: An Updated Meta-analysis
Estradé, A., La‐Torraca‐Vittori, P., Esposito, C. M., Carranza-Navarro, F., Revilla-Zúñiga, J. A., Basadonne, I., Floris, V., Bonoldi, I., Damiani, S., Oliver, D., et al. (2026) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbag047 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationNorthoff, G., Çatal, Y., & Abbasi, S. (2026) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2025.0005
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Spatio-temporal dynamics of brain function across depression severity in binge-type eating disorders
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Neuroexistential psychotherapy: bridging the gap
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Dynamics of thoughts—novel candidate marker for differential-diagnosis of mental disorders?
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Self-citationConsciousness and psychiatric disorders
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The cognitive neuroscience of the self
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Self-citationIntrinsic neural timescales during working memory under 60-day simulated microgravityPreprint
Zhou, L., Wang, R., Liu, X., Wu, D., Liu, Z., Sun, X., Chen, B., & Wu, Y. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10588590/v1
The role of high-amplitude bursts of high-gamma activity in naturalistic speech and music listening
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Cunha, M. G. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.107007
The self and its domain-independence – A global topographic view
Northoff, G., Shen, X.-Y., & Sui, J.-L. (2026) · Cognitive Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.csres.2026.10.001
Self-citationZou, H., Li, H., & Li, C. (2026) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111980
- Authors
- Northoff, G., Sandsten, K. E., Nordgaard, J., Kjaer, T. W., & Parnas, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Region Zealand (DK)
- Mental Health Center Amager, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Northoff, Georg
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-07-02
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 170-179
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC7825007
- OpenAlex
- W3039937961
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 7.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Mental Health Centre Zhejiang University in Hangzhou
- Canada-UK Artificial Intelligence
- Canadian Institute of Health Research
- Region Zealand Psychiatry
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, intrinsic neural timescales
- MeSH terms
- Facial Recognition, Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Ego, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Illusions, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Schizophrenia, Young Adult, Functional Neuroimaging, Cognitive Dysfunction
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