A measure centrality index for systematic empirical comparison of consciousness theories
Open accessAbstract
Consciousness science is marred by disparate constructs and methodologies, making it challenging to systematically compare theories. This foundational crisis casts doubts on the scientific character of the field itself. Addressing it, we propose a framework for systematically comparing consciousness theories by introducing a novel inter-theory classification interface, the Measure Centrality Index (MCI). Recognizing its gradient distribution, the MCI assesses the degree of importance a specific empirical measure has for a given consciousness theory. We apply the MCI to probe how the empirical measures of the Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNW), Integrated Information Theory (IIT), and Temporospatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC) would fare within the context of the other two. We demonstrate that direct comparison of IIT, GNW, and TTC is meaningful and valid for some measures like Lempel-Ziv Complexity (LZC), Autocorrelation Window (ACW), and possibly Mutual Information (MI). In contrast, it is problematic for others like the anatomical and physiological neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) due to their MCI-based differential weightings within the structure of the theories. In sum, we introduce and provide proof-of-principle of a novel systematic method for direct inter-theory empirical comparisons, thereby addressing isolated evolution of theories and confirmatory bias issues in the state-of-the-art neuroscience of consciousness.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There are now so many theories of consciousness that an increasing number of researchers are turning their attention to the meta-theoretical question of how they might be compared and evaluated.
“Indeed, there are now so many theories of consciousness that an increasing number of researchers are turning their attention to the meta-theoretical question of how they might be compared and evaluated (Chis-Ciure et al., 2024; Del Pin et al., 2021; Doerig et al., 2021; Kirkeby-Hinrup, 2024; Negro et al., 2024; Signorelli et al., 2021), with a view to advancing the field via the unification, integ”
From Integrated information and predictive processing theories of consciousness: An adversarial collaborative review (2026) · cites this paper as Chis-Ciure et al., 2024
Cites
Breiman, L. (2001) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1010933404324 · Cited by 133,538 · see citing works
A Study of Cross-Validation and Bootstrap for Accuracy Estimation and Model Selection
Kohavi, R. (1995) · Zenodo · doi:10.5281/zenodo.19712698 · Cited by 10,909 · see citing works
Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b
Polich, J. (2007) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.019 · Cited by 7,919 · see citing works
The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Bhaskar, R. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203090732-9 · Cited by 7,765 · see citing works
Nagel, T. (1974) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2183914 · Cited by 7,440 · see citing works
An Experimental Application of the DELPHI Method to the Use of Experts
Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.9.3.458 · Cited by 6,061 · see citing works
Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique
Hasson, F. (2000) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01567.x · Cited by 5,951 · see citing works
The Elements of Statistical Learning
Hastie, T. J., Tibshirani, R. J., & Friedman, J. H. (2009) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/b94608 · Cited by 4,111 · see citing works
(1988) · Cited by 3,656 · see citing works
On a confusion about a function of consciousness
Block, N. (1995) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00038188 · Cited by 3,364 · see citing works
Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning
Doshi-Velez, F., & Kim, B. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1702.08608 · Cited by 3,121 · see citing works
The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Philosophical Papers
Lakatos, I. (1978) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511621123 · Cited by 3,045 · see citing works
Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing
Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J.-P. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.018 · Cited by 2,573 · see citing works
Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework
Dehaene, S. (2001) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00123-2 · Cited by 2,498 · cited 2× · see citing works
“GNW defines a conscious state experienced subjectively as “ the global availability of information ” (Dehaene and Naccache, 2001, p. 1), equates consciousness and conscious access, and denies non-self-reported experiences (Dehaene, 2014; Mashour et al., 2020).”
Background“Materialism and Qualia: The Explanatory Gap
Levine, J. (1983) · Pacific Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0114.1983.tb00207.x · Cited by 2,150 · see citing works
Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: a testable taxonomy
Dehaene, S., Changeux, J.-P., Naccache, L., Sackur, J., & Sergent, C. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.03.007 · Cited by 2,067 · see citing works
An information integration theory of consciousness
Tononi, G. (2004) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-5-42 · Cited by 1,757 · cited 3× · see citing works
“(Tononi, 2004; Tononi and Sporns, 2003), but they replaced it after 2.0 (Balduzzi and Tononi, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIntegrated information theory: from consciousness to its physical substrate
Tononi, G., Boly, M., Massimini, M., & Koch, C. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.44 · Cited by 1,727 · see citing works
Tononi, G., Sporns, O., & Edelman, G. M. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.11.5033 · Cited by 1,626 · see citing works
Neural correlates of consciousness: progress and problems
Koch, C., Massimini, M., Boly, M., & Tononi, G. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.22 · Cited by 1,600 · see citing works
Tononi, G. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5395.1846 · Cited by 1,561 · see citing works
Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep
Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., Huber, R., Esser, S. K., Singh, H., & Tononi, G. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1117256 · Cited by 1,534 · see citing works
Gallagher, S., & Zahavi, D. (2007) · doi:10.4324/9780203086599 · Cited by 1,512 · see citing works
A neuronal model of a global workspace in effortful cognitive tasks
Dehaene, S., Kerszberg, M., & Changeux, J.-P. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14529 · Cited by 1,347 · see citing works
Scientific reasoning: the Bayesian approach
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-2696 · Cited by 1,247 · see citing works
A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior
Casali, A. G., Gosseries, O., Rosanova, M., Boly, M., Sarasso, S., Casali, K. R., Casarotto, S., Bruno, M.-A., Laureys, S., Tononi, G., et al. (2013) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294 · Cited by 1,246 · see citing works
Emergent complex neural dynamics
Chialvo, D. R. (2010) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1803 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis
Mashour, G. A., Roelfsema, P., Changeux, J.-P., & Dehaene, S. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.026 · Cited by 1,164 · cited 9× · see citing works
“…modalities, further establishing the P3b component as GNW ’ s most robust neural marker of conscious access across different methodologies (Dehaene and Changeux, 2011; Kouider et al., 2013; Mashour et al., 2020; Moutard et al., 2015); see Deco et al. (2017) for a complementary concept of ignition.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLong-Range Temporal Correlations and Scaling Behavior in Human Brain Oscillations
Linkenkaer-Hansen, K., Nikouline, V. V., Palva, J. M., & Ilmoniemi, R. J. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-04-01370.2001 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
From the phenomenology to the mechanisms of consciousness: integrated information theory 3.0
Oizumi, M., Albantakis, L., & Tononi, G. (2014) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003588 · Cited by 1,128 · see citing works
Stimulus onset quenches neural variability: A widespread cortical phenomenon
Churchland, M. M., Yu, B. M., Cunningham, J. P., Sugrue, L. P., Cohen, M. R., Corrado, G. S., Newsome, W. T., Clark, A. M., Hosseini, P., Scott, B. B., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2501 · Cited by 1,084 · see citing works
A hierarchy of intrinsic timescales across primate cortex
Murray, J. D., Bernacchia, A., Freedman, D. J., Romo, R., Wallis, J. D., Cai, X., Padoa-Schioppa, C., Pasternak, T., Seo, H., Lee, D., et al. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3862 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
The Temporal Structures and Functional Significance of Scale-free Brain Activity
He, B. J., Zempel, J. M., Snyder, A. Z., & Raichle, M. E. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.020 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Timing of the brain events underlying access to consciousness during the attentional blink
Sergent, C., Baillet, S., & Dehaene, S. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1549 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Seth, A. K., & Bayne, T. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-022-00587-4 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
What is consciousness, and could machines have it?
Dehaene, S., Lau, H., & Kouider, S. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan8871 · Cited by 855 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This self-sustained reverberation broadcasts the stimulus-relevant signal to all workspace processors, marking the current consciousness content (Dehaene et al., 2017, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodDehaene, S., Sergent, C., & Changeux, J.-P. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1332574100 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Consciousness and the brain: deciphering how the brain codes our thoughts
Rogers, T. W. (2014) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2014.956209 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Consciousness: here, there and everywhere?
Tononi, G., & Koch, C. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0167 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Scale-free brain activity: past, present, and future
He, B. J. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.003 · Cited by 805 · see citing works
Learning and memory : a comprehensive reference
Byrne, J. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-1-03733-2 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Brain Dynamics Underlying the Nonlinear Threshold for Access to Consciousness
Del Cul, A., Baillet, S., & Dehaene, S. (2007) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050260 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Hierarchical process memory: memory as an integral component of information processing
Hasson, U., Chen, J., & Honey, C. J. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.04.006 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
The neural correlates of dreaming
Siclari, F., Baird, B., Perogamvros, L., Bernardi, G., LaRocque, J. J., Riedner, B., Boly, M., Postle, B. R., & Tononi, G. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4545 · Cited by 712 · cited 4× · see citing works
“…2012; Northoff, 2013; Northoff and Heiss, 2015) Unlike GNW, IIT associates earlier event-related potentials (Boly et al., 2017; Koch et al., 2016; Siclari et al., 2017; Tononi et al., 2015) like the early negativity N200 component, known as visual awareness negativity (VAN) in the visual…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe default mode network: where the idiosyncratic self meets the shared social world
Yeshurun, Y., Nguyen, M., & Hasson, U. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-020-00420-w · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Signature of consciousness in the dynamics of resting-state brain activity
Barttfeld, P., Uhrig, L., Sitt, J. D., Sigman, M., Jarraya, B., & Dehaene, S. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1418031112 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Rethinking segregation and integration: contributions of whole-brain modelling
Deco, G., Tononi, G., Boly, M., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3963 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Dreaming and the brain: from phenomenology to neurophysiology
Nir, Y., & Tononi, G. (2010) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.12.001 · Cited by 595 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…al., 2016, 2015; Hutchison et al., 2014; Kung et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2022, 2009; Marshall et al., 2016; Mikulan et al., 2018; Monti et al., 2013; Nir and Tononi, 2010; Noirhomme et al., 2010; Rosanova et al., 2018, 2012; Sanders et al., 2018, 2012; Schartner et al., 2017, 2015; Shin et al.,…”
Distilling the neural correlates of consciousness
Aru, J., Bachmann, T., Singer, W., & Melloni, L. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.003 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Self-citationA Large-Scale Circuit Mechanism for Hierarchical Dynamical Processing in the Primate Cortex
Chaudhuri, R., Knoblauch, K., Gariel, M.-A., Kennedy, H., & Wang, X. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.008 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Boly, M., Massimini, M., Tsuchiya, N., Postle, B. R., Koch, C., & Tononi, G. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3218-16.2017 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Breakdown in cortical effective connectivity during midazolam-induced loss of consciousness
Ferrarelli, F., Massimini, M., Sarasso, S., Casali, A., Riedner, B. A., Angelini, G., Tononi, G., & Pearce, R. A. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0913008107 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Detrended Fluctuation Analysis: A Scale-Free View on Neuronal Oscillations
Hardstone, R., Poil, S., Schiavone, G., Jansen, R., Nikulin, V. V., Mansvelder, H. D., & Linkenkaer‐Hansen, K. (2012) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00450 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Slow cortical dynamics and the accumulation of information over long timescales
Honey, C. J., Thesen, T., Donner, T. H., Silbert, L. J., Carlson, C. E., Devinsky, O., Doyle, W. K., Rubin, N., Heeger, D. J., & Hasson, U. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.011 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Human consciousness is supported by dynamic complex patterns of brain signal coordination
Demertzi, A., Tagliazucchi, E., Dehaene, S., Deco, G., Barttfeld, P., Raimondo, F., Martial, C., Fernández-Espejo, D., Rohaut, B., Voss, H. U., et al. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat7603 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
A New Unifying Account of the Roles of Neuronal Entrainment
Lakatos, P., Gross, J., & Thut, G. (2019) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.075 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Increased global functional connectivity correlates with LSD-induced ego dissolution
Tagliazucchi, E., Roseman, L., Kaelen, M., Orban, C., Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., Murphy, K., Laufs, H., Leech, R., McGonigle, J., Crossley, N., et al. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.010 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
How neuroscience will change our view on consciousness
Lamme, V. A. F. (2010) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588921003731586 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Unresponsiveness ≠ unconsciousness
Sanders, R. D., Tononi, G., Laureys, S., Sleigh, J. W., & Warner, D. S. (2012) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e318249d0a7 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Recovery of cortical effective connectivity and recovery of consciousness in vegetative patients
Rosanova, M., Gosseries, O., Casarotto, S., Boly, M., Casali, A. G., Bruno, M.-A., Mariotti, M., Boveroux, P., Tononi, G., Laureys, S., et al. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr340 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Do frequency representations eliminate conjunction effects? An exercise in adversarial collaboration
Mellers, B., Hertwig, R., & Kahneman, D. (2001) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00350 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Converging Intracranial Markers of Conscious Access
Gaillard, R., Dehaene, S., Adam, C., Clémenceau, S., Hasboun, D., Baulac, M., Cohen, L., & Naccache, L. (2009) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000061 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Integrated information in discrete dynamical systems: motivation and theoretical framework
Balduzzi, D., & Tononi, G. (2008) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000091 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Toward a computational theory of conscious processing
Dehaene, S., Charles, L., King, J.-R., & Marti, S. (2014) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.12.005 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
An electrophysiological marker of arousal level in humans
Lendner, J. D., Helfrich, R. F., Mander, B. A., Romundstad, L. G., Lin, J. J., Walker, M. P., Larsson, P. G., & Knight, R. T. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.55092 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Quantitative EEG, Event-Related Potentials and Neurotherapy
Kropotov, J. D. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374512-5.x0001-1 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Consciousness and Complexity during Unresponsiveness Induced by Propofol, Xenon, and Ketamine
Sarasso, S., Boly, M., Napolitani, M., Gosseries, O., Charland-Verville, V., Casarotto, S., Rosanova, M., Casali, A. G., Brichant, J.-F., Boveroux, P., et al. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.014 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
The threshold for conscious report: Signal loss and response bias in visual and frontal cortex
van Vugt, B., Dagnino, B., Vartak, D., Safaai, H., Panzeri, S., Dehaene, S., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar7186 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Single units and conscious vision
The American Association for Research into Nervous and Mental Diseases, & Logothetis, N. K. (1998) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0333 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Quantifying causal emergence shows that macro can beat micro
Hoel, E. P., Albantakis, L., & Tononi, G. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1314922110 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
The Neurology of Consciousness
VALKENBURG, C. T. V. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374168-4.x0001-9 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Latham, G. P., Erez, M., & Locke, E. A. (1988) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.73.4.753 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Variance as a signature of neural computations during decision making
Churchland, A. K., Kiani, R., Chaudhuri, R., Wang, X.-J., Pouget, A., & Shadlen, M. N. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.12.037 · Cited by 350 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…phase coherence, and pre-poststimulus differences in all these measures (Arazi et al., 2017a, 2017b; Baria et al., 2017; Braun et al., 2022; Churchland et al., 2011, 2010; Deha-ghani et al., 2022; He, 2013; Huang et al., 2015; Northoff and Zilio, 2022b; Schurger et al., 2015;…”
BackgroundDehaene, S., & Changeux, J.-P. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030141 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Should a Few Null Findings Falsify Prefrontal Theories of Conscious Perception?
Odegaard, B., Knight, R. T., & Lau, H. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3217-16.2017 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Event-related brain potential correlates of visual awareness
Koivisto, M., & Revonsuo, A. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.12.002 · Cited by 314 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…it reflects post-perceptual processes (Almeida, 2022; Andersen et al., 2016; M. Cohen et al., 2020; F ¨ orster et al., 2020; Koivisto et al., 2016; Koivisto and Revonsuo, 2010; Lamme, 2018, 2010; Northoff and Lamme, 2020; Pitts et al., 2014a, 2014b; Rutiku et al., 2016, 2015), being thus a…”
BackgroundInfluentialBehavior needs neural variability
Waschke, L., Kloosterman, N. A., Obleser, J., & Garrett, D. D. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.01.023 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Hierarchical dynamics as a macroscopic organizing principle of the human brain
Raut, R. V., Snyder, A. Z., & Raichle, M. E. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2003383117 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Global Workspace Dynamics: Cortical “Binding and Propagation” Enables Conscious Contents
Baars, B. J., Franklin, S., & Ramsoy, T. Z. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00200 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Measuring information integration
Tononi, G., & Sporns, O. (2003) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-4-31 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Albantakis, L., Barbosa, L., Findlay, G., Grasso, M., Haun, A. M., Marshall, W., Mayner, W. G. P., Zaeemzadeh, A., Boly, M., Juel, B. E., et al. (2023) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011465 · Cited by 292 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Besides being pursued in some studies in humans (Boly et al., 2015; Mensen et al., 2018, 2017) and mice (Gandhi et al., 2023; Mayner et al., 2022), a new 4.0 Φ -based (Albantakis et al., 2023) matching measure is currently being developed (Tononi, personal communication).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSchartner, M., Seth, A., Noirhomme, Q., Boly, M., Bruno, M.-A., Laureys, S., & Barrett, A. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133532 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Fisch, L., Privman, E., Ramot, M., Harel, M., Nir, Y., Kipervasser, S., Andelman, F., Neufeld, M. Y., Kramer, U., Fried, I., et al. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.001 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Spontaneous and Task-Evoked Brain Activity Negatively Interact
He, B. J. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2922-12.2013 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Qualia: The Geometry of Integrated Information
Balduzzi, D., & Tononi, G. (2009) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000462 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
The “correlates” in neural correlates of consciousness
de Graaf, T. A., Hsieh, P.-J., & Sack, A. T. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.05.012 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory
Becker, J. F., Duhem, P., & Wiener, P. P. (1955) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1054018 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Pitts, M. A., Metzler, S., & Hillyard, S. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01078 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Northoff, G., Wainio‐Theberge, S., & Evers, K. (2019) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2019.05.002 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationArthuis, M., Valton, L., Régis, J. M., Chauvel, P., Wendling, F., Naccache, L., Bernard, C., & Bartoloméi, F. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp086 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Neural variability: friend or foe?
Dinstein, I., Heeger, D. J., & Behrmann, M. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.04.005 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Single-neuron correlates of subjective vision in the human medial temporal lobe
Kreiman, G., Fried, I., & Koch, C. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.072194099 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Northoff, G., & Lamme, V. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.019 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationIntrinsic neural timescales: temporal integration and segregation
Wolff, A., Berberian, N., Golesorkhi, M., Gómez‐Pilar, J., Zilio, F., & Northoff, G. (2022) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2021.11.007 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationA neural marker of perceptual consciousness in infants
Kouider, S., Stahlhut, C., Gelskov, S. V., Barbosa, L. S., Dutat, M., de Gardelle, V., Christophe, A., Dehaene, S., & Dehaene-Lambertz, G. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232509 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Gamma band activity and the P3 reflect post-perceptual processes, not visual awareness
Pitts, M. A., Padwal, J., Fennelly, D., Martínez, A., & Hillyard, S. A. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.024 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Northoff, G., & Huang, Z. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.013 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citationPractical Measures of Integrated Information for Time-Series Data
Barrett, A. B., & Seth, A. K. (2011) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001052 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Human single-neuron responses at the threshold of conscious recognition
Quiroga, R. Q., Mukamel, R., Isham, E. A., Malach, R., & Fried, I. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0707043105 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Dehaene, S., Eric Artiges, A., Naccache, L., Martelli, C., Viard, A., Schürhoff, F., Recasens, C., Martinot, M. P., Leboyer, M., & Martinot, J. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2235214100 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Error awareness and the error-related negativity: evaluating the first decade of evidence
Wessel, J. R. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00088 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Dehaene, S., Changeux, J.-P., & Naccache, L. (2011) · Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18015-6_4 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Distinct brain mechanisms for conscious versus subliminal error detection
Charles, L., Van Opstal, F., Marti, S., & Dehaene, S. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.054 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Brain Mechanisms Underlying the Brief Maintenance of Seen and Unseen Sensory Information
King, J.-R., Pescetelli, N., & Dehaene, S. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.051 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Cerebral Bases of Subliminal and Supraliminal Priming during Reading
Kouider, S., Dehaene, S., Jobert, A., & Bihan, D. L. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl110 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Bifurcation in brain dynamics reveals a signature of conscious processing independent of report
Sergent, C., Corazzol, M., Labouret, G., Stockart, F., Wexler, M., King, J.-R., Meyniel, F., & Pressnitzer, D. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21393-z · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Panagiotaropoulos, T. I., Deco, G., Kapoor, V., & Logothetis, N. K. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.013 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
The brain and its time: intrinsic neural timescales are key for input processing
Golesorkhi, M., Gomez-Pilar, J., Zilio, F., Berberian, N., Wolff, A., Yagoub, M. C. E., & Northoff, G. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02483-6 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationKing, J. R., Faugeras, F., Gramfort, A., Schurger, A., El Karoui, I., Sitt, J. D., Rohaut, B., Wacongne, C., Labyt, E., Bekinschtein, T., et al. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.013 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Hard criteria for empirical theories of consciousness
Doerig, A., Schurger, A., & Herzog, M. H. (2021) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2020.1772214 · Cited by 194 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…presuppositions of state-of-the-art approaches to scientifically explaining experience (Bayne et al., 2024; Corcoran et al., 2023; Del Pin et al., 2021; Doerig et al., 2021; Fazekas et al., 2024; Melloni et al., 2021; Michel et al., 2019; Negro, 2024; Storm et al., 2024; Zheng et al., 2024).”
BackgroundLamme, V. A. F. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0344 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
A complexity measure for selective matching of signals by the brain.
Tononi, G., Sporns, O., & Edelman, G. M. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3422 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Making the hard problem of consciousness easier
Melloni, L., Mudrik, L., Pitts, M., & Koch, C. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj3259 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationA perturbational approach for evaluating the brain’s capacity for consciousness
Massimini, M., Boly, M., Casali, A., Rosanova, M., & Tononi, G. (2009) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(09)17714-2 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Measuring Integrated Information from the Decoding Perspective
Oizumi, M., Amari, S.-I., Yanagawa, T., Fujii, N., & Tsuchiya, N. (2016) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004654 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Railo, H., Koivisto, M., & Revonsuo, A. (2011) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.019 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Faugeras, F., Rohaut, B., Weiss, N., Bekinschtein, T., Galanaud, D., Puybasset, L., Bolgert, F., Sergent, C., Cohen, L., Dehaene, S., et al. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.015 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Distinguishing the Neural Correlates of Perceptual Awareness and Postperceptual Processing
Cohen, M. A., Ortego, K., Kyroudis, A., & Pitts, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0120-20.2020 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Consciousness and complexity: a consilience of evidence
Sarasso, S., Casali, A. G., Casarotto, S., Rosanova, M., Sinigaglia, C., & Massimini, M. (2021) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niab023 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Tasserie, J., Uhrig, L., Sitt, J. D., Manasova, D., Dupont, M., Dehaene, S., & Jarraya, B. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl5547 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Rosanova, M., Fecchio, M., Casarotto, S., Sarasso, S., Casali, A. G., Pigorini, A., Comanducci, A., Seregni, F., Devalle, G., Citerio, G., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06871-1 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
ERP and MEG correlates of visual consciousness: The second decade
Förster, J., Koivisto, M., & Revonsuo, A. (2020) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2020.102917 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond
Bayne, T., Seth, A. K., Massimini, M., Shepherd, J., Cleeremans, A., Fleming, S. M., Malach, R., Mattingley, J. B., Menon, D. K., Owen, A. M., et al. (2024) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010 · Cited by 163 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…focused on the empirical, philosophical, and mathematical presuppositions of state-of-the-art approaches to scientifically explaining experience (Bayne et al., 2024; Corcoran et al., 2023; Del Pin et al., 2021; Doerig et al., 2021; Fazekas et al., 2024; Melloni et al., 2021; Michel et al.,…”
BackgroundHuang, Z., Zhang, J., Longtin, A., Dumont, G., Duncan, N. W., Pokorny, J., Qin, P., Dai, R., Ferri, F., Weng, X., et al. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv288 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationRevisiting the global workspace orchestrating the hierarchical organization of the human brain
Deco, G., Vidaurre, D., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-020-01003-6 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Unified framework for information integration based on information geometry
Oizumi, M., Tsuchiya, N., & Amari, S. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1603583113 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Cortical activity is more stable when sensory stimuli are consciously perceived
Schurger, A., Sarigiannidis, I., Naccache, L., Sitt, J. D., & Dehaene, S. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1418730112 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Ito, T., Hearne, L. J., & Cole, M. W. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117141 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Joglekar, M. R., Mejias, J. F., Yang, G. R., & Wang, X.-J. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.031 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Experiences of collaborative research
Kahneman, D. (2003) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.58.9.723 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The ConTraSt database for analysing and comparing empirical studies of consciousness theories
Yaron, I., Melloni, L., Pitts, M., & Mudrik, L. (2022) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01284-5 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy and how access consciousness can account for phenomenal consciousness
Naccache, L. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0357 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Kapoor, V., Dwarakanath, A., Safavi, S., Werner, J., Besserve, M., Panagiotaropoulos, T. I., & Logothetis, N. K. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28897-2 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Why Does Space Feel the Way it Does? Towards a Principled Account of Spatial Experience
Haun, A., & Tononi, G. (2019) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e21121160 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Dynamic Repertoire of Intrinsic Brain States Is Reduced in Propofol-Induced Unconsciousness
Hudetz, A. G., Liu, X., & Pillay, S. (2014) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2014.0230 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Quantifying Cortical EEG Responses to TMS in (Un)consciousness
Sarasso, S., Rosanova, M., Casali, A. G., Casarotto, S., Fecchio, M., Boly, M., Gosseries, O., Tononi, G., Laureys, S., & Massimini, M. (2014) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/1550059413513723 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Lee, U., Mashour, G. A., Kim, S., Noh, G., & Choi, B. (2008) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2008.10.005 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Huang, Z., Obara, N., Davis, H., Pokorny, J., & Northoff, G. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.01.025 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationTheoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review
Sattin, D., Magnani, F. G., Bartesaghi, L., Caputo, M., Fittipaldo, V. A., Cacciatore, M., Picozzi, M., & Leonardi, M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11050535 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Northoff, G., & Zilio, F. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113788 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationThe unfolding argument: Why IIT and other causal structure theories cannot explain consciousness
Doerig, A., Schurger, A., Hess, K., & Herzog, M. H. (2019) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.04.002 · Cited by 140 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Revealingly, the falsifiability and empirical character of some (Doerig et al., 2019) or most (Kleiner and Hoel, 2021) consciousness theories recently came under fire because objectively explaining a subjective phenomenon remains an unresolved methodological problem in consciousness science.”
BackgroundCan the macro beat the micro? Integrated information across spatiotemporal scales
Hoel, E. P., Albantakis, L., Marshall, W., & Tononi, G. (2016) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niw012 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Sergent, C., & Dehaene, S. (2004) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2005.09.006 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Monti, M. M., Lutkenhoff, E. S., Rubinov, M., Boveroux, P., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Gosseries, O., Bruno, M., Noirhomme, Q., Boly, M., & Laureys, S. (2013) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003271 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Consciousness Regained: Disentangling Mechanisms, Brain Systems, and Behavioral Responses
Storm, J. F., Boly, M., Casali, A. G., Massimini, M., Olcese, U., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Wilke, M. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1838-17.2017 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Hutchison, R. M., Hutchison, M., Manning, K. Y., Menon, R. S., & Everling, S. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22583 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Comolatti, R., Pigorini, A., Casarotto, S., Fecchio, M., Faria, G., Sarasso, S., Rosanova, M., Gosseries, O., Boly, M., Bodart, O., et al. (2019) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2019.05.013 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Galileo’s Error: Foundations for a New Science of Consciousness
Eling, P. (2020) · Journal of the History of the Neurosciences · doi:10.1080/0964704x.2020.1773747 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Temporal hierarchy of intrinsic neural timescales converges with spatial core-periphery organization
Golesorkhi, M., Gómez‐Pilar, J., Tumati, S., Fraser, M., & Northoff, G. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01785-z · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationImproved measures of integrated information
Tegmark, M. (2016) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005123 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Global and local complexity of intracranial EEG decreases during NREM sleep
Schartner, M. M., Pigorini, A., Gibbs, S. A., Arnulfo, G., Sarasso, S., Barnett, L., Nobili, L., Massimini, M., Seth, A. K., & Barrett, A. B. (2017) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niw022 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Discrete and continuous mechanisms of temporal selection in rapid visual streams
Marti, S., & Dehaene, S. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02079-x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Opportunities and challenges for a maturing science of consciousness
Michel, M., Beck, D. M., Block, N. J., Blumenfeld, H., Brown, R., Carmel, D. P., Carrasco, M., Chirimuuta, M., Chun, M. M., Cleeremans, A., et al. (2019) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-019-0531-8 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatiotemporal neuroscience – what is it and why we need it
Northoff, G., Wainio‐Theberge, S., & Evers, K. (2020) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2020.06.005 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationIntegrated Information Increases with Fitness in the Evolution of Animats
Edlund, J. A., Chaumont, N., Hintze, A., Christof Koch, A., Tononi, G., & Adami, C. (2011) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002236 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Distinct cortical codes and temporal dynamics for conscious and unconscious percepts
Salti, M., Monto, S., Charles, L., King, J.-R., Parkkonen, L., & Dehaene, S. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.05652 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
What the brain's intrinsic activity can tell us about consciousness? A tri-dimensional view
Northoff, G. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.004 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationPyPhi: A toolbox for integrated information theory
Mayner, W. G. P., Marshall, W., Albantakis, L., Findlay, G., Marchman, R., & Tononi, G. (2018) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006343 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Reward-dependent learning in neuronal networks for planning and decision making
Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J. (2000) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(00)26016-0 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The strength of weak integrated information theory
Mediano, P. A. M., Rosas, F. E., Bor, D., Seth, A. K., & Barrett, A. B. (2022) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.008 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
An integrative, multiscale view on neural theories of consciousness
Storm, J. F., Klink, P. C., Aru, J., Senn, W., Goebel, R., Pigorini, A., Avanzini, P., Vanduffel, W., Roelfsema, P. R., Massimini, M., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.004 · Cited by 114 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…presuppositions of state-of-the-art approaches to scientifically explaining experience (Bayne et al., 2024; Corcoran et al., 2023; Del Pin et al., 2021; Doerig et al., 2021; Fazekas et al., 2024; Melloni et al., 2021; Michel et al., 2019; Negro, 2024; Storm et al., 2024; Zheng et al., 2024).”
BackgroundEl Karoui, I., King, J.-R., Sitt, J., Meyniel, F., Van Gaal, S., Hasboun, D., Adam, C., Navarro, V., Baulac, M., Dehaene, S., et al. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu143 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Lee, M., Sanz, L., Barra, A., Wolff, A., Nieminen, J., Boly, M., Rosanova, M., Casarotto, S., Bodart, O., Annen, J., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28451-0 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Melloni, L., Mudrik, L., Pitts, M., Bendtz, K., Ferrante, O., Gorska, U., Hirschhorn, R., Khalaf, A., Kozma, C., Lepauvre, A., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268577 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationRecovery of consciousness and cognition after general anesthesia in humans
Mashour, G. A., Palanca, B. J. A., Basner, M., Li, D., Wang, W., Blain‐Moraes, S., Lin, N., Maier, K. L., Muench, M. R., Tarnal, V., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.59525 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Northoff, G., & Tumati, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.030 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationTemporal constraints on conscious vision: On the ubiquitous nature of the attentional blink
Nieuwenstein, M., Van der Burg, E., Theeuwes, J., Wyble, B., & Potter, M. (2009) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/9.9.18 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Zilio, F., Gómez‐Pilar, J., Cao, S., Zhang, J., Zang, D., Qi, Z., Tan, J., Hiromi, T., Wu, X., Fogel, S. M., et al. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117579 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, Z., Liu, X., Mashour, G. A., & Hudetz, A. G. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2545-17.2018 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Andersen, L. M., Pedersen, M. N., Sandberg, K., & Overgaard, M. S. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv108 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Two Distinct Dynamic Modes Subtend the Detection of Unexpected Sounds
King, J.-R., Gramfort, A., Schurger, A., Naccache, L., & Dehaene, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085791 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Probing ERP correlates of verbal semantic processing in patients with impaired consciousness
Rohaut, B., Faugeras, F., Chausson, N., King, J.-R., Karoui, I. E., Cohen, L., & Naccache, L. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.014 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Albantakis, L., Hintze, A., Koch, C., Adami, C., & Tononi, G. (2014) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003966 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Information Geometry on Complexity and Stochastic Interaction
Ay, N. (2015) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e17042432 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Spontaneous Fluctuations and Non-linear Ignitions: Two Dynamic Faces of Cortical Recurrent Loops
Moutard, C., Dehaene, S., & Malach, R. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.018 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Global Workspace Theory (GWT) and Prefrontal Cortex: Recent Developments
Baars, B. J., Geld, N., & Kozma, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.749868 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Decline of long-range temporal correlations in the human brain during sustained wakefulness
Meisel, C., Bailey, K., Achermann, P., & Plenz, D. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12140-w · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Consciousness depends on integration between parietal cortex, striatum, and thalamus
Afrasiabi, M., Redinbaugh, M. J., Phillips, J. M., Kambi, N. A., Mohanta, S., Raz, A., Haun, A., & Saalmann, Y. B. (2021) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2021.02.003 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Attentional Blink Reveals the Probabilistic Nature of Discrete Conscious Perception
Asplund, C. L., Fougnie, D., Zughni, S., Martin, J. W., & Marois, R. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613513810 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Neural Variability Quenching Predicts Individual Perceptual Abilities
Arazi, A., Censor, N., & Dinstein, I. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1671-16.2016 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The self and its prolonged intrinsic neural timescale in schizophrenia
Northoff, G., Sandsten, K. E., Nordgaard, J., Kjaer, T. W., & Parnas, J. (2021) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa083 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationExplanatory profiles of models of consciousness - towards a systematic classification
Signorelli, C. M., Szczotka, J., & Prentner, R. (2021) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niab021 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Dynamic relationships between spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological activity
Wainio‐Theberge, S., Wolff, A., & Northoff, G. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02240-9 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationTemporal Selection is Suppressed, Delayed, and Diffused During the Attentional Blink
Vul, E., Nieuwenstein, M., & Kanwisher, N. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02046.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Propofol anesthesia reduces Lempel-Ziv complexity of spontaneous brain activity in rats
Hudetz, A. G., Liu, X., Pillay, S., Boly, M., & Tononi, G. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.017 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Does the P300 reflect conscious perception or its consequences?
Rutiku, R., Martin, M., Bachmann, T., & Aru, J. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.029 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Dexmedetomidine Disrupts the Local and Global Efficiencies of Large-scale Brain Networks
Hashmi, J. A., Loggia, M. L., Khan, S., Gao, L., Kim, J., Napadow, V., Brown, E. N., & Akeju, O. (2017) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000001509 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness
Cogitate Consortium, Ferrante, O., Gorska-Klimowska, U., Henin, S., Hirschhorn, R., Khalaf, A., Lepauvre, A., Liu, L., Richter, D., Vidal, Y., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.546249 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain Connectivity in Pathological and Pharmacological Coma
Noirhomme, Q., Soddu, A., Lehembre, R., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Boveroux, P., Boly, M., & Laureys, S. (2010) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2010.00160 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Magioncalda, P., Huang, Z., Tan, Z., Hu, X., Hu, Z., Conio, B., Amore, M., Inglese, M., Martino, M., et al. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sby138 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationCerebral responses to local and global auditory novelty under general anesthesia
Uhrig, L., Janssen, D., Dehaene, S., & Jarraya, B. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.004 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Kim, H., Hudetz, A. G., Lee, J., Mashour, G. A., Lee, U., & the ReCCognition Study Group (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00042 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Tanabe, S., Huang, Z., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Fogel, S. M., Doyon, J., Wu, J., Xu, J., Zhang, J., Qin, P., et al. (2020) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000003197 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationProcessing Timescales as an Organizing Principle for Primate Cortex
Chen, J., Hasson, U., & Honey, C. J. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.010 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Decoding across sensory modalities reveals common supramodal signatures of conscious perception
Sanchez, G., Hartmann, T., Fuscà, M., Demarchi, G., & Weisz, N. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1912584117 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The Global Workspace (GW) Theory of Consciousness and Epilepsy
Bartoloméi, F., & Naccache, L. (2011) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2011/127864 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Subjective visual awareness emerges prior to P3
Koivisto, M., Salminen‐Vaparanta, N., Grassini, S., & Revonsuo, A. (2016) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13264 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Mechanism Integrated Information
Barbosa, L. S., Marshall, W., Albantakis, L., & Tononi, G. (2021) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23030362 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Bai, Y., Nakao, T., Xu, J., Qin, P., Chaves, P., Heinzel, A., Duncan, N. W., Lane, T. J., Yen, N., Tsai, S., et al. (2015) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2015.1072582 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 331 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cogitate Consortium, Ferrante, O., Gorska-Klimowska, U., Henin, S., Hirschhorn, R., Khalaf, A., Lepauvre, A., Liu, L., Richter, D., Vidal, Y., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08888-1 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“Such a framework would enhance systematic theory building in an era of accumulating results 60 .”
Self-citationUnpacking the complexities of consciousness: Theories and reflections
Mudrik, L., Boly, M., Dehaene, S., Fleming, S. M., Lamme, V., Seth, A., & Melloni, L. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106053 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationKirkeby-Hinrup, A., Stephens, A., Sjöstrand, A. B., & Overgaard, M. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1633907 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Preliminaries to artificial consciousness: A multidimensional heuristic approach
Evers, K., Farisco, M., Chatila, R., Earp, B. D., Freire, I. T., Hamker, F. H., Németh, E., Verschure, P. F. M. J., & Khamassi, M. (2025) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cognition all the way down 2.0: neuroscience beyond neurons in the diverse intelligence era
Chis-Ciure, R., & Levin, M. G. (2025) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-025-05319-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationBetter bridges: Integrating the neuroscience and philosophy of consciousness
Kozuch, B. (2024) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2024.103774 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Context-sensitive conscious interpretation and layer-5 pyramidal neurons in multistable perception
Bachmann, T. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70393 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Filimonov, D., Koivisto, M., & Revonsuo, A. (2026) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.121762 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The multiple generator hypothesis of consciousness
Kirkeby-Hinrup, A., Fink, S. B., & Overgaard, M. S. (2025) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niaf035 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Recurrency as a Common Denominator for Consciousness TheoriesPreprint
Zheng, Z., Chis-Ciure, R., Waade, P. T., Eiserbeck, A., Aru, J., Andrillon, T., Jarraya, B., Melloni, L., Northoff, G., Rosas, F. E., et al. (2025) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wqnzc_v1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationCorcoran, A. W., Haun, A. M., Dorman, R., Tononi, G., Friston, K. J., & Pennartz, C. M. A. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106742 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Arbaoui, B. (2025) · International Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s41870-025-02643-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cognitive endurance after intense physical effort
Holgado, D., Leubaz, L., Ruggeri, P., Borragán, G., Luque‐Casado, A., Bekinschtein, T. A., Sanabria, D., & Place, N. (2025) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115874 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Explanation, scope, and perspective: sources of schismogenesis in consciousness science
Ellia, F., & Tsuchiya, N. (2026) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2026.03.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
From Speech Semantics to Brain Activity—Timescales Are Key in Their Information Transfer
Kumar, S., Klar, P., Çatal, Y., Chang, H., Friedemann Pulvermüller, A., & Northoff, G. (2025) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70379 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationLoops all the way up: Recurrency as an implementation-first primitive for consciousness
Zheng, Z., Chis-Ciure, R., Waade, P. T., Eiserbeck, A., Aru, J., Andrillon, T., Jarraya, B., Melloni, L., Northoff, G., Rosas, F. E., et al. (2026) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2026.07.006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationChis-Ciure, R. (2025) · Philosophical Explorations · doi:10.1080/13869795.2025.2550245 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHolgado, D., Leubaz, L., Ruggeri, P., Borragán, G., Luque‐Casado, A., Bekinschtein, T. A., Sanabria, D., & Place, N. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/tb7qm · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reassessing Information in Understanding the Temporality of ConsciousnessPreprint
Kanaev, I. A. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0188.v1
Chis-Ciure, R. (2025) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2025.12.004
Self-citationEmbodiment constraint: On how (not) to approach the possibility of consciousness in neural organoids
Cea, I., Villalobos, M., & Paz, A. W. (2026) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-026-09648-2
Holgado, D., Martínez‐Pérez, V., Martín‐Arévalo, E., Bekinschtein, T. A., Fernández‐del‐Olmo, M., Sanabria, D., & Luque‐Casado, A. (2026) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115416
The Conceivability Argument and the Referential Opacity of Natural Kind Terms
Jylkkä, J., & Chis-Ciure, R. (2026) · Mind and Matter · doi:10.53765/mm2026.85
Self-citationTemporo-spatial theory of consciousness (TTC): An overview
Northoff, G., Buccellato, A., & Zilio, F. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29258-3.00039-2
Self-citationFrom consciousness to observation: rethinking what consciousness science explains
Staller, M. S., & Körner, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1762212
- Authors
- Chis-Ciure, R., Melloni, L., & Northoff, G.
- Affiliations
- Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno (ES)
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Chis-Ciure, Robert
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-06
- Volume
- 161
- Pages
- 105670
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4394743787
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 331
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Keywords
- theory of consciousness, global neuronal workspace theory, integrated information theory, Lempel-Ziv complexity, mutual information, neural correlates of consciousness, confirmation bias
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Consciousness, Humans, Information Theory, Psychological Theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
