Transdiagnostic Risk Calculator for the Automatic Detection of Individuals at Risk and the Prediction of Psychosis: Second Replication in an Independent National Health Service Trust
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The benefits of indicated primary prevention among individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) are limited by the difficulty in detecting these individuals. To overcome this problem, a transdiagnostic, clinically based, individualized risk calculator has recently been developed and subjected to a first external validation in 2 different catchment areas of the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Trust. METHODS: Second external validation of real world, real-time electronic clinical register-based cohort study. All individuals who received a first ICD-10 index diagnosis of nonorganic and nonpsychotic mental disorder within the Camden and Islington (C&I) NHS Trust between 2009 and 2016 were included. The model previously validated included age, gender, ethnicity, age by gender, and ICD-10 index diagnosis to predict the development of any ICD-10 nonorganic psychosis. The model's performance was measured using Harrell's C-index. RESULTS: This study included a total of 13702 patients with an average age of 40 (range 16-99), 52% were female, and most were of white ethnicity (64%). There were no CHR-P or child/adolescent services in the C&I Trust. The C&I and SLaM Trust samples also differed significantly in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, and distribution of index diagnosis. Despite these significant differences, the original model retained an acceptable predictive performance (Harrell's C of 0.73), which is comparable to that of CHR-P tools currently recommended for clinical use. CONCLUSIONS: This risk calculator may pragmatically support an improved transdiagnostic detection of at-risk individuals and psychosis prediction even in NHS Trusts in the United Kingdom where CHR-P services are not provided.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Fusar-Poli et al. model has external validation C-indexes of 0.79 (n=54,716, mean age 32.0, UK), 0.73 (n=13,702, mean age 40.9, UK), 0.79 (n=33,710, mean age 22.7, UK), 0.68 (n=2,430,333, mean age 34.2, US), and 0.85 (n=54,716, mean age 33, UK).
“54,716 (32.0, UK); 0.79 (C-index) 199 13,702 (40.9, UK); 0.73 (C-index) 296 33,710 (22.7, UK), 0.79 (C-index) 297 2,430,333 (34.2, US); 0.68 (C-index) 298 54,716 (33); 0.85 (C-index) 299”
From Preventive psychiatry: a blueprint for improving the mental health of young people (2021) · cites this paper as [296]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1992) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25 · Cited by 45,232 · see citing works
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1958.10501452 · Cited by 39,158 · see citing works
Benchimol, E. I., Smeeth, L., Guttmann, A., Harron, K., Moher, D., Petersen, I., Sørensen, H. T., von Elm, E., Langan, S. M., & RECORD Working Committee (2015) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001885 · Cited by 5,749 · see citing works
Assessing the Performance of Prediction Models: A Framework for Traditional and Novel Measures
Steyerberg, E. W., Vickers, A. J., Cook, N. R., Gerds, T., Gonen, M., Obuchowski, N., Pencina, M. J., & Kattan, M. W. (2010) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181c30fb2 · Cited by 5,170 · see citing works
Collins, G. S., Reitsma, J. B., Altman, D. G., & Moons, K. G. M. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-0697 · Cited by 3,267 · see citing works
Applied Survival Analysis: Regression Modeling of Time-to-Event Data
Hosmer, D. W., Lemeshow, S. A., & May, S. J. (2008) · Cited by 3,030 · see citing works
Towards better clinical prediction models: seven steps for development and an ABCD for validation
Steyerberg, E. W., & Vergouwe, Y. (2014) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu207 · Cited by 1,928 · see citing works
Why Most Discovered True Associations Are Inflated
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2008) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31818131e7 · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
Vickers, A. J., Van Calster, B., & Steyerberg, E. W. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i6 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
External validation of a Cox prognostic model: principles and methods
Royston, P. J., & Altman, D. G. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-33 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Szucs, D., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2017) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2000797 · Cited by 761 · see citing works
Cross-trial prediction of treatment outcome in depression: a machine learning approach
Chekroud, A. M., Zotti, R. J., Shehzad, Z., Gueorguieva, R., Johnson, M. K., Trivedi, M. H., Cannon, T. D., Krystal, J. H., & Corlett, P. R. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00471-x · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Collins, G. S., Ogundimu, E. O., & Altman, D. G. (2016) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6787 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Debray, T. P. A., Vergouwe, Y., Koffijberg, H., Nieboer, D., Steyerberg, E. W., & Moons, K. G. M. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.018 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Improving outcomes of first‐episode psychosis: an overview
Fusar‐Poli, P., McGorry, P. D., & Kane, J. M. (2017) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20446 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Individualized Risk Calculator for Research in Prodromal Psychosis
Cannon, T. D., Yu, C., Addington, J., Bearden, C. E., Cadenhead, K. S., Cornblatt, B. A., Heinssen, R., Jeffries, C. D., Mathalon, D. H., McGlashan, T. H., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15070890 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors
Radua, J., Ramella‐Cravaro, V., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Reichenberg, A., Phiphopthatsanee, N., Amir, T., Yenn Thoo, H., Oliver, D., Davies, C., Morgan, C., et al. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20490 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Self-citationAdequate sample size for developing prediction models is not simply related to events per variable
Ogundimu, E. O., Altman, D. G., & Collins, G. S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.02.031 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Kirkbride, J. B., Errázuriz, A., Croudace, T. J., Morgan, C., Jackson, D., Boydell, J. E., Murray, R. M., & Jones, P. B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031660 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Applied survival analysis: regression modeling of time to event data
Ko, D. (2000) · Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference · doi:10.1016/s0378-3758(00)00130-0 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Fusar-Poli, P., Cappucciati, M., Borgwardt, S., Woods, S. W., Addington, J., Nelson, B., Nieman, D. H., Stahl, D. R., Rutigliano, G., Riecher-Rössler, A., et al. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2324 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE NATURAL DURATION OF CANCER
Lazarus-Barlow, W. S., & Leeming, J. H. (1924) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3320.266 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Wigman, J. T. W., van Nierop, M., Vollebergh, W. A. M., Lieb, R., Beesdo-Baum, K., Wittchen, H.-U., & van Os, J. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr196 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Morrison, A. P., French, P., Stewart, S. L. K., Birchwood, M., Fowler, D., Gumley, A. I., Jones, P. B., Bentall, R. P., Lewis, S. W., Murray, G. K., et al. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e2233 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Fusar-Poli, P., Rocchetti, M., Sardella, A., Avila, A., Brandizzi, M., Caverzasi, E., Politi, P., Ruhrmann, S., & McGuire, P. (2015) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.157115 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationA critique of the “ultra‐high risk” and “transition” paradigm
van Os, J., & Guloksuz, S. (2017) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20423 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Improving Validation Practices in “Omics” Research
Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Khoury, M. J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1211811 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Fusar-Poli, P., Rutigliano, G., Stahl, D., Davies, C., Bonoldi, I., Reilly, T., & McGuire, P. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0284 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar‐Poli, P., Cappucciati, M., Rutigliano, G., Schultze‐Lutter, F., Bonoldi, I., Borgwardt, S., Riecher‐Rössler, A., Addington, J., Perkins, D., Woods, S. W., et al. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20250 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar-Poli, P., Schultze-Lutter, F., Cappucciati, M., Rutigliano, G., Bonoldi, I., Stahl, D., Borgwardt, S., Riecher-Rössler, A., Addington, J., Perkins, D. O., et al. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv162 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Clinical High-Risk State for Psychosis (CHR-P), Version II
Fusar‐Poli, P. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw158 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar‐Poli, P., Byrne, M., Badger, S., Valmaggia, L., & McGuire, P. K. (2012) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.08.002 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationFernandes, A. C., Cloete, D., Broadbent, M. T. M., Hayes, R. D., Chang, C., Jackson, R., Roberts, A., Tsang, J., Soncul, M., Liebscher, J., et al. (2013) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/1472-6947-13-71 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Carrión, R. E., Cornblatt, B. A., Burton, C. Z., Tso, I. F., Auther, A. M., Adelsheim, S., Calkins, R., Carter, C. S., Niendam, T., Sale, T. G., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15121565 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
THE NATURAL DURATION OF CANCER.
(1926) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)26538-6 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Schmidt, A., Cappucciati, M., Raduà, J., Rutigliano, G., Rocchetti, M., Dell’Osso, L., Politi, P., Borgwardt, S., Reilly, T. J., Valmaggia, L., et al. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw098 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationEvolution and Translation of Research Findings: From Bench to Where
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2006) · PLoS Clinical Trials · doi:10.1371/journal.pctr.0010036 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Oliver, D., Davies, C., Crossland, G., Lim, S., Gifford, G., McGuire, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2018) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx166 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar-Poli, P., Rutigliano, G., Stahl, D., Schmidt, A., Ramella-Cravaro, V., Hitesh, S., & McGuire, P. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2707 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar-Poli, P., Rutigliano, G., Stahl, D., Davies, C., De Micheli, A., Ramella-Cravaro, V., Bonoldi, I., & McGuire, P. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.11.010 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationEconomic impact of early intervention in people at high risk of psychosis
Valmaggia, L., McCrone, P., Knapp, M. R. J., Woolley, J. B., Broome, M. R., Tabraham, P., Johns, L., Prescott, C., Bramon, E., Lappin, J., et al. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709005613 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar‐Poli, P., Cappucciati, M., Micheli, A. D., Rutigliano, G., Bonoldi, I., Tognin, S., Ramella‐Cravaro, V., Castagnini, A. C., & McGuire, P. K. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw151 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationStuderus, E., Ramyead, A., & Riecher‐Rössler, A. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716003494 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Scientific inbreeding and same-team replication: Type D personality as an example
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.09.014 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Valmaggia, L., Byrne, M., Day, F., Broome, M. R., Johns, L., Howes, O. D., Power, P., Badger, S., Fusar‐Poli, P., & McGuire, P. K. (2015) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.150623 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationSpecificity of Incident Diagnostic Outcomes in Patients at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Webb, J. R., Addington, J., Perkins, D. O., Bearden, C. E., Cadenhead, K. S., Cannon, T. D., Cornblatt, B. A., Heinssen, R. K., Seidman, L. J., Tarbox, S. I., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv091 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Services for people at high risk improve outcomes in patients with first episode psychosis
Fusar‐Poli, P., Díaz‐Caneja, C. M., Patel, R., Valmaggia, L., Byrne, M., Garety, P. A., Shetty, H., Broadbent, M. T. M., Stewart, R. J., & McGuire, P. K. (2015) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12480 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationPrediction of conversion to psychosis in individuals with an at-risk mental state
Riecher‐Rössler, A., & Studerus, E. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000320 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Extending the Benefits of Indicated Prevention to Improve Outcomes of First-Episode Psychosis
Fusar‐Poli, P. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.1009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationOliver, D., Kotlicka-Antczak, M., Minichino, A., Spada, G., McGuire, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2018) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar‐Poli, P. (2017) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20405 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence-Based Pragmatic Psychiatry—A Call to Action
Paulus, M. P. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2439 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Improving classification of psychoses
Lawrie, S. M., O’Donovan, M. C., Saks, E. R., Burns, T., & Lieberman, J. A. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00577-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Intensive community outreach for those at ultra high risk of psychosis: dilution, not solution
Fusar‐Poli, P., Schultze‐Lutter, F., & Addington, J. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00491-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationAdamson, V., Barrass, E., McConville, S., Irikok, C., Taylor, K., Pitt, S., Duyn, R. V., Bennett, S., Jackson, L., Carroll, J., et al. (2018) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12548 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Werbeloff, N., Markou, M., Hayes, J., Pitman, A., & Osborn, D. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.015 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychiatry for the elderly in the UK
Warner, J. P., & Jenkinson, J. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61202-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Large scale evidence and replication: insights from rheumatology and beyond
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2004) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2004.027979 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 59 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [49]McGorrian C, Leong T, D’Agostino R, Graham IM Risk estimation systems in clinical use: SCORE, heart score and the Framingham system. In: D’Agostino R, Graham IM, eds. Therapeutic Strategies in Cardiovascular Risk. 1st ed. Oxford, UK: Clinical Publishing; 2008 159– 172.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Preventive psychiatry: a blueprint for improving the mental health of young people
Fusar‐Poli, P., Correll, C. U., Arango, C., Berk, M., Patel, V., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2021) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20869 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevention of Psychosis: Advances in Detection, Prognosis, and Intervention
Fusar-Poli, P., Salazar de Pablo, G., Correll, C. U., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Millan, M. J., Borgwardt, S., Galderisi, S., Bechdolf, A., Pfennig, A., Kessing, L. V., et al. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4779 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Self-citationDavies, C., Segre, G., Estradé, A., Radua, J., De Micheli, A., Provenzani, U., Oliver, D., Salazar de Pablo, G., Ramella-Cravaro, V., Besozzi, M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30057-2 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationKoutsouleris, N., Dwyer, D. B., Degenhardt, F., Maj, C., Urquijo-Castro, M. F., Sanfelici, R., Popovic, D., Oeztuerk, O., Haas, S. S., Weiske, J., et al. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3604 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
de Pablo, G. S., Studerus, E., Vaquerizo‐Serrano, J., Irving, J., Catalán, A., Oliver, D., Baldwin, H., Danese, A., Fazel, S., Steyerberg, E. W., et al. (2020) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa120 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationMeehan, A. J., Lewis, S. J., Fazel, S., Fusar-Poli, P., Steyerberg, E. W., Stahl, D., & Danese, A. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01528-4 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Science of Prognosis in Psychiatry: A Review
Fusar-Poli, P., Hijazi, Z., Stahl, D., & Steyerberg, E. W. (2018) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2530 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationOliver, D., Reilly, T. J., Boy, O. B., Petros, N., Davies, C., Borgwardt, S., McGuire, P. K., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz039 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationUher, R., Pavlová, B., Raduà, J., Provenzani, U., Najafi, S., Fortea, L., Ortuño, M., Nazarova, A., Perroud, N. A., Palaniyappan, L. K., et al. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21147 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationPreventive Treatments for Psychosis: Umbrella Review (Just the Evidence)
Fusar-Poli, P., Davies, C., Solmi, M., Brondino, N., De Micheli, A., Kotlicka-Antczak, M., Shin, J. I., & Radua, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00764 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationIrving, J., Patel, R., Oliver, D., Colling, C., Pritchard, M., Broadbent, M., Baldwin, H., Stahl, D., Stewart, R., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2021) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa126 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar-Poli, P., Sullivan, S. A., Shah, J. L., & Uhlhaas, P. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00774 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationNatural Language Processing markers in first episode psychosis and people at clinical high-risk
Morgan, S. E., Diederen, K. M. J., Vértes, P. E., Ip, S., Wang, B., Thompson, B., Demjaha, A., Micheli, A. D., Oliver, D., Liakata, M., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01722-y · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationEstablishing a clinical service to prevent psychosis: What, how and when? Systematic review
de Pablo, G. S., Estradé, A., Cutroni, M., Andlauer, O., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01165-x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationRocha, T. B.-M., Fisher, H. L., Caye, A., Anselmi, L., Arseneault, L., Barros, F. C., Caspi, A., Danese, A., Gonçalves, H., Harrington, H., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.12.004 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Oliver, D., Raduà, J., Reichenberg, A., Uher, R., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00174 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationRaket, L. L., Jaskolowski, J., Kinon, B. J., Brasen, J. C., Jönsson, L., Wehnert, A., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2020) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30024-8 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationKoutsouleris, N., Worthington, M., Dwyer, D., Kambeitz‐Ilankovic, L., Sanfelici, R., Fusar‐Poli, P., Rosen, M., Ruhrmann, S., Anticevic, A., Addington, J., et al. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.023 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationDiagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of brief psychotic episodes: a review and research agenda
Fusar‐Poli, P., de Pablo, G. S., Rajkumar, R. P., López‐Díaz, Á., Malhotra, S., Heckers, S., Lawrie, S. M., & Pillmann, F. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00121-8 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationOliver, D., Spada, G., Colling, C., Broadbent, M., Baldwin, H., Patel, R., Stewart, R., Stahl, D., Dobson, R., McGuire, P., et al. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.007 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationOliver, D., Arribas, M., Radua, J., Salazar de Pablo, G., De Micheli, A., Spada, G., Mensi, M. M., Kotlicka-Antczak, M., Borgatti, R., Solmi, M., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01611-w · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationCollin, G., Nieto-Castañón, A., Shenton, M. E., Pasternak, O., Kelly, S., Keshavan, M. S., Seidman, L. J., McCarley, R. W., Niznikiewicz, M. A., Li, H., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102108 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fusar-Poli, P., de Micheli, A., Signorini, L., Baldwin, H., de Pablo, G. S., & McGuire, P. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100578 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationInsights from Personalized Models of Brain and Behavior for Identifying Biomarkers in PsychiatryPreprint
Kraus, B. T., Zinbarg, R. E., Braga, R. M., Nusslock, R., Mittal, V. A., & Gratton, C. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105259 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Worthington, M., & Cannon, T. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.770774 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mikoláš, P., Vahid, A., Bernardoni, F., Süß, M., Martini, J., Beste, C., & Bluschke, A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-17126-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Malda, A., Boonstra, N., Barf, H., de Jong, S., Aleman, A., Addington, J., Pruessner, M., Nieman, D. H., de Haan, L., Morrison, A. P., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00345 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationUsing Electronic Health Records to Facilitate Precision Psychiatry
Oliver, D., Arribas, M., Perry, B. I., Whiting, D., Blackman, G., Krakowski, K., Seyedsalehi, A., Osimo, E. F., Griffiths, S. L., Stahl, D. R., et al. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar‐Poli, P., Stringer, D., Durieux, A. M. S., Rutigliano, G., Bonoldi, I., Micheli, A. D., & Stahl, D. R. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0600-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationMinichino, A., Rutigliano, G., Merlino, S., Davies, C., Oliver, D., Micheli, A. D., Patel, R., McGuire, P. K., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2019) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.12.006 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, T., Oliver, D., Msosa, Y. J., Colling, C., Spada, G., Roguski, Ł., Folarin, A., Stewart, R. J., Roberts, A., Dobson, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/60794 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationToenders, Y. J., Kottaram, A., Dinga, R., Davey, C. G., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., Quinlan, E. B., Desrivières, S., Flor, H., Grigis, A., et al. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.03.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Studerus, E., Beck, K., Fusar‐Poli, P., & Riecher‐Rössler, A. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz059 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationReal-world digital implementation of the Psychosis Polyrisk Score (PPS): A pilot feasibility study
Oliver, D., Spada, G., Englund, A., Chesney, E., Radua, J., Reichenberg, A., Uher, R., McGuire, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.015 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk Calculators in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review
Silva Ribeiro, J., Pereira, D., Salagre, E., Coroa, M., Santos Oliveira, P., Santos, V., Madeira, N., Grande, I., & Vieta, E. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10080525 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pan-London Network for Psychosis-Prevention (PNP)
Fusar‐Poli, P., Estradé, A., Spencer, T. J., Gupta, S., Murguia, S., Eranti, S. V., Wilding, K., Andlauer, O., Buhagiar, J., Smith, M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00707 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationOliver, D., Wong, C. M. J., Bøg, M., Jönsson, L., Kinon, B. J., Wehnert, A., Jørgensen, K. T., Irving, J., Stahl, D. R., McGuire, P. K., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01032-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationFortea, A., Batalla, A., Raduà, J., van Eijndhoven, P., Baeza, I., Albajes‐Eizagirre, A., Fusar‐Poli, P., Castro‐Fornieles, J., de la Serna, E., Luna, L., et al. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.05.008 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationPrediction of estimated risk for bipolar disorder using machine learning and structural MRI features
Mikoláš, P., Marxen, M., Riedel, P., Bröckel, K. L., Martini, J., Huth, F., Berndt, C., Vogelbacher, C., Jansen, A., Kircher, T. T. J., et al. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723001319 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
MacNeill, L. A., Allen, N. B., Poleon, R. B., Vargas, T., Osborne, K. J., Damme, K. S. F., Barch, D. M., Krogh‐Jespersen, S., Nielsen, A. N., Norton, E. S., et al. (2021) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421000651 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Prediction of psychosis: model development and internal validation of a personalized risk calculator
Lee, T. Y., Hwang, W. J., Kim, N. S., Park, I., Lho, S. K., Moon, S.-Y., Oh, S., Lee, J., Kim, M., Woo, C.-W., et al. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720004675 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A transdiagnostic prodrome for severe mental disorders: an electronic health record study
Arribas, M., Oliver, D., Patel, R., Kornblum, D., Shetty, H., Damiani, S., Krakowski, K., Provenzani, U., Stahl, D. R., Koutsouleris, N., et al. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02533-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in clinical staging, early intervention, and the prevention of psychosis
Gupta, T., & Mittal, V. A. (2019) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.20346.1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Rauschenberg, C., Reininghaus, U., ten Have, M., de Graaf, R., van Dorsselaer, S., Simons, C. J. P., Günther, N., Henquet, C., Pries, L.-K., Gülöksüz, S., et al. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000446 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Reilly, T. J., Mechelli, A., McGuire, P. K., Fusar‐Poli, P., & Uhlhaas, P. J. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/14581 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationPuntis, S., Oliver, D., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.005 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationFusar‐Poli, P., Davies, C., Rutigliano, G., Stahl, D. R., Bonoldi, I., & McGuire, P. K. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00313 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationChung, Y., Addington, J., Bearden, C. E., Cadenhead, K. S., Cornblatt, B. A., Mathalon, D. H., McGlashan, T. H., Perkins, D. O., Seidman, L. J., Tsuang, M. T., et al. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.026 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wallace, A. E., Isenberg, K. E., York, W., Shinde, M. U., Barron, J. O., Franchino‐Elder, J., Sand, M. S., & Sidovar, M. F. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.011 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Krakowski, K., Oliver, D., Arribas, M., Stahl, D. R., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.05.022 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationde Pablo, G. S., Guinart, D., Cornblatt, B. A., Auther, A. M., Carrión, R. E., Carbon, M., Jiménez‐Fernández, S., Vernal, D. L., Walitza, S., Gerstenberg, M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568982 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, D. Y., Kim, C., Lee, S., Son, S. J., Cho, S.-M., Cho, Y. H., Lim, J., & Park, R. W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.844442 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Fusar‐Poli, P., Lai, S., Forti, M. D., Iacoponi, E., Thornicroft, G., McGuire, P. K., & Jauhar, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577110 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationDamiani, S., Rutigliano, G., Fazia, T., Merlino, S., Berzuini, C., Bernardinelli, L., Politi, P., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2021) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbab070 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationStephens, A., Allardyce, J., Weavers, B., Lennon, J., Jones, R. B., Powell, V. E., Eyre, O., Potter, R., Escott‐Price, V., Osborn, D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13704 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationKristensen, T. D., Glenthøj, L., Ambrosen, K., Syeda, W., Ragahava, J. M., Krakauer, K., Wenneberg, C., Fagerlund, B., Pantelis, C., Glenthøj, B., et al. (2021) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13355 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mitchison, D., Wang, S. B., Wade, T. D., Haynos, A. F., Bussey, K., Trompeter, N., Lonergan, A. R., Tame, J., & Hay, P. (2023) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23951 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Byrne, J. F., Mongan, D., Murphy, J., Healy, C., Föcking, M., Cannon, M., & Cotter, D. R. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02623-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wang, T., Bendayan, R., Msosa, Y. J., Pritchard, M., Roberts, A., Stewart, R. J., & Dobson, R. (2022) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wang, T., Oliver, D., Msosa, Y. J., Colling, C., Spada, G., Roguski, Ł., Folarin, A., Stewart, R. J., Roberts, A., Dobson, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/60794-v · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMapping the implementation and challenges of clinical services for psychosis prevention in England
Estradé, A., Spencer, T. J., Micheli, A. D., Murguia, S., Provenzani, U., McGuire, P. K., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.945505 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationKotlicka‐Antczak, M., Karbownik, M. S., Pawełczyk, A. M., Żurner, N., Pawełczyk, T., Strzelecki, D., & Urban‐Kowalczyk, M. (2019) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.02.003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mathalon, D. H., Nicholas, S., Roach, B. J., Billah, T., Lavoie, S., Whitford, T. J., Hamilton, H., Addamo, L., Anohkin, A., Bekinschtein, T. A., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-025-00622-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationArribas, M., Micheli, A. D., Krakowski, K., Stahl, D. R., Correll, C. U., Young, A. H., Andreassen, O. A., Vieta, E., Arango, C., McGuire, P. K., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(25)00307-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationImplementing MR Imaging into Clinical Routine Screening in Patients with Psychosis?
Schmidt, A., & Borgwardt, S. (2019) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2019.09.004 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Are We There Yet? Predicting Conversion to Psychosis Using Machine Learning
Smucny, J., Davidson, I. A. K., & Carter, C. S. (2023) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20220973 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Fusar-Poli, P., Oliver, D., Spada, G., Estrade, A., & McGuire, P. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.031 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Inns, M., Gill, M., Arribas, M., Logeswaran, Y., Minichino, A., Reilly, T. J., Micheli, A. D., Shah, J. L., McGuire, P. K., Fusar‐Poli, P., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaf201 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationCalkins, M. E., Woods, S. W., Bearden, C. E., Liu, L., Moore, T. M., Cadenhead, K. S., Cannon, T. D., Cornblatt, B. A., McGlashan, T. H., Perkins, D. O., et al. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.08.014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dickstein, D. P. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.12.029 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mapping multimodal risk factors to mental health outcomes
Jirsaraie, R. J., Barch, D. M., Bogdan, R., Marek, S. A., Bijsterbosch, J. D., Sotiras, A., & Karcher, N. R. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00500-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Validation of an ICD-Code-Based Case Definition for Psychotic Illness Across Three Health Systems
Deo, A. J., Castro, V. M., Baker, A., Carroll, D., Gonzalez–Heydrich, J., Henderson, D. C., Holt, D. J., Hook, K., Karmacharya, R., Roffman, J. L., et al. (2024) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbae064 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Januška, J., Straková, A., Turcek, M., Vašečková, B., Forgáčová, Ľ., Heretik, A., Pečeňák, J., & Hajdúk, M. (2021) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2021.1907773 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ford, E., Stone, J. M., Oliver, D., Fell, B., Roque, G., Robertson, S., Fusar‐Poli, P., & Greenwood, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1584719 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationLogeswaran, Y., Micheli, A. D., Toniol, I., Chen, T., Melillo, A., Arribas, M., Livingston, N. R., Krakowski, K., Oliver, D., Stahl, D. R., et al. (2026) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.70063 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSolmi, M., Campeol, M., Gentili, F., Favaro, A., & Cremonese, C. (2020) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2020.434 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Early Identification of Psychiatric Disorders
Lee, T. Y., Kim, M., & Kwon, J. S. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_18 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kafalı, H. Y., Solerdelcoll, M., Vujinovic, L., Martsenkovskyi, D., Awhangansi, S., Noel, C. E., Bora, E., & Arango, C. (2021) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01897-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cantrell, A. J., Sworn, K., Chambers, D., Booth, A., Buck, E. T., & Weich, S. (2024) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/vkty5822 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhang, Y. (2021) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-210263 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
RetractedEarly interventions for psychosis
Goldman, M. B. (2021) · Current Psychiatry · doi:10.12788/cp.0176 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The screening of cannabis addiction using machine learning, MoCA, and anxiety/depression tests
Elhachimi, A., Benksim, A., Ibanni, H., & Cherkaoui, M. (2024) · Scientific African · doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02225 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sprüngli‐Toffel, E., Studerus, E., Curtis, L., Conchon, C., Alameda, L., Bailey, B. K., Caron, C., Haase, C., Gros, J., Herbrecht, E., et al. (2024) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.09.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationSolmi, M., Correll, C. U., Boldrini, T., Addington, J., Barbezat, E., Bassetto, S. A., Bechdolf, A., Devoe, D. J. A., Firth, J., Fusar‐Poli, P., et al. (2026) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2026.2651738 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationOliver, D., Arribas, M., Logeswaran, Y., Fusar‐Poli, L., Kempton, M. J., Hedges, E. P., Albiñana, C., Vassos, E., Sariaslan, A., Pettersson‐Yeo, W., et al. (2026) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbag088 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationTham, M., Bendall, S., Carlyon‐Stewart, T., Polari, A. R., Hartmann, J., Kerr, M., Amminger, G. P., McGorry, P. D., Nelson, B., & Ratheesh, A. (2021) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13206 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Response to the commentary by Buoli et al., EURPSY-D-18-00265
Fusar‐Poli, P. (2018) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.07.013
Self-citationGawęda, Ł., & Nelson, B. (2020) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12891
Electronic Health Records to Detect Psychosis Risk
Oliver, D., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10698-9_12
Self-citationLu, S., Wise, T., Barch, D. M., Hosang, G. M., & Michelini, G. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.04.30.26351304
Holistic Management of Depressive-Type Schizoaffective Disorder: A Case Illustration
Fadhlurahman, M. A. A., Algristian, H., & Mumpuni, Y. (2026) · Psychosocia Journal of Applied Psychology and Social Psychology · doi:10.61978/psychosocia.v4i2.1359
Loch, A. A., Queluz, F. H., Waurzenczak, B., Gondim, J. M., Argôlo, F. C., Lopes-Rocha, A. C., van de Bilt, M. T., de Jesus, L. P., Jafet, A. F., Gattaz, W. F., et al. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2026.06.001
Oliver, D., Fusar‐Poli, P., Brunner, G., Haining, K., Estradé, A., Azis, M., Bianciardi, B., Cooper, S., Ramesh, S., Wallman, P., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.10.05.26364756
Self-citationDigital screening tools for individuals at risk of mental disorders: a systematic review (Preprint)Preprint
Logeswaran, Y., La‐Torraca‐Vittori, P., Ahmed, M. W., Arribas, M., Wallman, P., Reilly, T. J., Capon, W., Aronica, R., Brodeur, S., Dusara, H., et al. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.114283
Self-citation
- Authors
- Fusar-Poli, P., Werbeloff, N., Rutigliano, G., Oliver, D., Davies, C., Stahl, D., McGuire, P., & Osborn, D.
- Affiliations
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- University College London (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-06-12
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 562-570
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC6483570
- OpenAlex
- W2808198584
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 11.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MC_PC_16048)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- clinical high risk for psychosis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, London, Male, Middle Aged, National Health Programs, Psychotic Disorders, Registries, Schizophrenia, Cohort Studies, Risk Assessment, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review