Characteristics, correlates, and outcomes of childhood and adolescent depressive disorders

Rao, Uma; Chen, Li-Ann

doi:10.31887/dcns.2009.11.1/urao

Cited by 252Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentTreatment of Major DepressionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Characteristics, correlates, and outcomes of childhood and adolescent depressive disorders

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Rao, Uma, Chen, Li-Ann·2009·Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

DOI 10.31887/dcns.2009.11.1/uraoPMC PMC2766280

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Abstract

Depressive illness beginning early in life can have serious developmental and functional consequences. Therefore, understanding the disorder during this developmental stage is critical for determining its etiology and course, as well as for developing effective intervention strategies. This paper summarizes current knowledge regarding the etiology, phenomenology, correlates, natural course, and consequences of unipolar depression in children and adolescents. Using adult depression as a framework, the unique aspects of childhood and adolescence are considered in order to better understand depression within a developmental context. The data suggest that the clinical presentation, correlates, and natural course of depression are remarkably similar across the lifespan. There are, however, important developmental differences. Specifically, the familial and psychological context in which depression develops in youngsters is associated with variability in the frequency and nature of depressive symptoms and comorbid conditions among children and adolescents. Maturational differences have also been identified in the neurobiological correlates of depression. These developmental differences may be associated with the observed variability in clinical response to treatment and longitudinal course. Characterization of the developmental differences will be helpful in developing more specific and effective interventions for youngsters, thereby allowing them to reach their full potential as adults.

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The experience of depression at the beginning of development makes it more likely to recur during adulthood.
“and the experience of such pathology at the beginning of development makes it more likely to recur during adulthood. 28”
From Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [28]

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Authors: Rao, U., & Chen, L.-A.
Affiliations: The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Rao, Uma
ORCID: Rao, Uma
Venue: Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2009-03-31
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 45-62
ISSN: 1294-8322 (ISSN-L)
1958-5969
DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2009.11.1/urao
PMC: PMC2766280
OpenAlex: W1519727848
Cited by: 252
References: 288
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 16.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH062464, R01MH068391, MH62464, MH 68391)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA14037, DA17805, DA 15131, DA17804, R01DA015131, R01DA017804, R01DA014037, R01DA017805)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: childhood depression, adolescent depression, major depressive disorder, developmental differences, etiology of depression, familial risk, comorbidities, neurobiological correlates, treatment response, phenomenology of depression
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Aging, Brain, Child, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Comorbidity, Causality, Sex Distribution

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Characteristics, correlates, and outcomes of childhood and adolescent depressive disorders

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