The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Life Course Outcomes of Young People With Anxiety Disorders in Adolescence
Abstract
Objective This study examined associations between the extent of anxiety disorder in adolescence (14-16 years) and young people's later risks of a range of mental health, educational, and social role outcomes (16-21 years).Method Data were gathered over the course of a 21-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1,265 New Zealand children. Measures collected included (1) an assessment of DSM-III-R anxiety disorders between the ages of 14 and 16 years; (2) assessments of mental health, educational achievement, and social functioning between the ages of 16 and 21 years; and (3) measures of potentially confounding social, family, and individual factors.Results Significant linear associations were found between the number of anxiety disorders reported in adolescence and later risks of anxiety disorder; major depression; nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drug dependence; suicidal behavior; educational underachievement; and early parenthood. Associations between the extent of adolescent anxiety disorder and later risks of anxiety disorder, depression, illicit drug dependence, and failure to attend university were shown to persist after statistical control for the confounding effects of sociofamilial and individual factors.Conclusions Findings suggest that adolescents with anxiety disorders are at an increased risk of subsequent anxiety, depression, illicit drug dependence, and educational underachievement as young adults. Clinical and research implications are considered.
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“If left untreated, anxiety often has a chronic developmental course, predicting anxiety and depression in adulthood (Kessler et al., 2005; Muris, 2006; Woodward and Fergusson, 2001).”
From Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with anxiety disorders: A feasibility study (2018) · cites this paper as Woodward and Fergusson, 2001
In the citing paper
“Adolescent ADs have also been linked to significant short and long-term impairments across a broad spectrum of life domains [13–16].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy as a transdiagnostic approach to adolescents with different anxiety disorders: study protocol. (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Early-onset MDD is found to predict difficulties in subsequent role transitions, including low educational attainment, high risk of teen child-bearing, marital disruption, and unstable employment.”
From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Several studies show early-onset mental disorders associated termination of education.19–26 While disruptive behavior disorders and bipolar disorder tend to have the strongest associations in these studies, MDD also is significantly associated with a roughly 60% elevated odds of failure to complete secondary school than otherwise comparable youth in high income countries.”
From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“The long-term impact of anxiety and depression on children and adolescents includes significant interference with relationships, academic performance, school attendance, and daily functioning, making early intervention vital [3-8].”
From eMental Healthcare Technologies for Anxiety and Depression in Childhood and Adolescence: Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Implementation Outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Results have been inconsistent, with the majority of studies, but not all [9], finding significant gross associations of childhood and adolescent mental disorders with low levels of educational attainment and some finding that significant gross associations are explained by childhood adversities that preceded onset of the disorders [11,22].”
From Long-term effects of mental disorders on educational attainment in the National Comorbidity Survey ten-year follow-up (2015) · cites this paper as [15]
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Metadata
- Authors
- WOODWARD, L. J., & FERGUSSON, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Canterbury (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- FERGUSSON, DAVID M.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1086-1093
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085622918
- Cited by
- 1,051
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 16.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- adolescent anxiety disorders, life course outcomes, young adults, major depressive disorder, illicit drug dependence, nicotine dependence, alcoholism, suicidal behavior, educational underachievement, early parenthood, college attendance, longitudinal cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Depression, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Substance-Related Disorders
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