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Cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: An empirical review
Abstract
Early case studies and noncontrolled trial studies focusing on the treatment of delusions and hallucinations have laid the foundation for more recent developments in comprehensive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions for schizophrenia. Seven randomized, controlled trial studies testing the efficacy of CBT for schizophrenia were identified by electronic search (MEDLINE and PsychInfo) and by personal correspondence. After a review of these studies, effect size (ES) estimates were computed to determine the statistical magnitude of clinical change in CBT and control treatment conditions. CBT has been shown to produce large clinical effects on measures of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Patients receiving routine care and adjunctive CBT have experienced additional benefits above and beyond the gains achieved with routine care and adjunctive supportive therapy. These results reveal promise for the role of CBT in the treatment of schizophrenia although additional research is required to test its efficacy, long-term durability, and impact on relapse rates and quality of life. Clinical refinements are needed also to help those who show only minimal benefit with the intervention.
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“Alternative psychosocial interventions, such as supportive therapy or befriending, produced intermediate results (grand mean ES=0.60).”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Rector and Beck (2001)
In the citing paper
“They concluded that CBT plus routine care (pharmacotherapy and case management) led to substantial pretreatmentposttreatment improvements in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and total symptoms (grand mean ES=1.23).”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Rector and Beck (2001)
In the citing paper
“Patients receiving only routine care did much less well (grand mean ES=0.17).”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Rector and Beck (2001)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, the effect size for the CBT condition, despite decreasing, remained large (ES=0.88) at follow-up.”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Rector and Beck (2001)
In the citing paper
“Similarly, large effect sizes were found for change in the magnitude of negative symptoms at 9-month follow-up across three studies (ES=0.88).”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Rector and Beck (2001)
In the citing paper
“Also, the small-to-moderate follow-up effect size for change in negative symptoms in the supportive therapy/ regular care condition decreased between treatment termination and follow-up (from ES=0.47 to ES=0.22).”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Rector and Beck (2001)
In the citing paper
“Rector and Beck (2001) | 4 | Positive symptoms (Various clinician rating scales) | Reduction from pre- to post-treatment | 1.28 u | 90 |”
From The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses (2006) · cites this paper as Rector and Beck (2001)
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Metadata
- Authors
- RECTOR, N. A., & BECK, A. T.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
- Published
- 2001-05
- Volume
- 189
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 278-287
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1978345775
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, schizophrenia, delusions, hallucinations, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, adjunctive therapy, supportive therapy, treatment efficacy, effect size, relapse
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Combined Modality Therapy, Delusions, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Antipsychotic Agents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome
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