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Cited by 149Thermoregulation and physiological responsesCoconut Research and ApplicationsExercise and Physiological Responses

Rehydration after exercise with fresh young coconut water, carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage and plain water

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Saat, Mohamed, Singh, Rabindarjeet, Sirisinghe, Roland Gamini, Nawawi, Mohd·2002·Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science
DOI 10.2114/jpa.21.93
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Abstract

This is to cross-over study to assess the effectiveness of fresh young coconut water (CW), and carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage (CEB) compared with plain water (PW) for whole body rehydration and blood volume (BV) restoration during a 2 h rehydration period following exercise-induced dehydration. Eight healthy male volunteers (mean age and VO2max of 22.4 +/- 3.3 years and 45.8 +/- 1.5 ml min kg-1 respectively) exercised at 60% of VO2max in the heat (31.1 +/- 0.03 degrees C, 51.4 +/- 0.1% rh) until 2.78 +/- 0.06% (1.6 +/- 0.1 kg) of their body weight (BW) was lost. After exercise, the subjects sat for 2 h in a thermoneutral environment (22.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C; 67.0 +/- 1.0% rh) and drank a volume of PW, CW and CEB on different occasions representing 120% of the fluid loss. A blood and urine sample, and the body weight of each subject was taken before and after exercise and at 30 min intervals throughout a rehydration period. Each subject remained fasted throughout rehydration. Each fluid was consumed in three portions in separate trials representing 50% (781 +/- 47 ml), 40% (625 +/- 33 ml) and 30% (469 +/- 28 ml) of the 120% fluid loss at 0, 30 and 60 min of the 2 h rehydration period, respectively. The drinks given were randomised. In all the trials the subjects were somewhat hypohydrated (range 0.08-0.18 kg BW below euhydrated BW; p > 0.05) after a 2 h rehydration period since additional water and BW were lost as a result of urine formation, respiration, sweat and metabolism. The percent of body weight loss that was regained (used as index of percent rehydration) during CW, PW, and CEB trials was 75 +/- 5%, 73 +/- 5% and 80 +/- 4% respectively, but was not statistically different between trials. The rehydration index, which provided an indication of how much of what was actually ingested was used for body weight restoration, was again not different statistically between trials (1.56 +/- 0.14, 1.36 +/- 0.13 and 1.71 +/- 0.21 for CW, CEB and PW respectively). Although BV restoration was better with CW, it was not statistically different from CEB and PW. Cumulative urine output was similar in all trials. There were no difference at any time in serum Na+ and Cl-, serum osmolality, and net fluid balance between the three trials. Urine osmolality decreased after 1 h during the rehydration period and it was lowest in the PW trial. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher compared with PW ingestion when CW and CEB were ingested during the rehydration period. CW was significantly sweeter, caused less nausea, fullness and no stomach upset and was also easier to consume in a larger amount compared with CEB and PW ingestion. In conclusion, ingestion of fresh young coconut water, a natural refreshing beverage, could be used for whole body rehydration after exercise.

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  • Coconut water can serve as an effective rehydration drink because its basic ion composition can replenish electrolytes lost through sweat.

    “As the basic ion composition of coconut water can replenish the electrolytes of the human body excreted through sweat, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, it can serve as an effective rehydration drink [94].”

    From The Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Water (2009) · cites this paper as [94]

    The Introduction identifies sodium and potassium in coconut water, and the Discussion reports rehydration similar to the other drinks after exercise, supporting its use as a rehydration drink. But the paper does not establish that coconut water replenishes all four named sweat electrolytes: it does not report magnesium or calcium replacement, and it notes that coconut water is low in sodium. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Coconut water was significantly sweeter, caused less nausea, fullness and no stomach upset compared with carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage and plain water.

    “Coconut water was significantly sweeter, caused less nausea, fullness and no stomach upset.”

    From Coconut water uses, composition and properties: a review (2012) · cites this paper as [13]

    The Abstract says coconut water was significantly sweeter and caused less nausea, fullness, and stomach upset than the other drinks. But the Fluid sensory scale results qualify that summary: coconut water was not significantly sweeter than the carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage, and differences in nausea, fullness, and stomach upset were significant only at specified times or against specified comparators. The claim overstates how consistently those comparisons held. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The characteristics of coconut water make it an ideal rehydrating and refreshing drink after physical exercise.

    “The characteristics of coconut water make it an ideal rehydrating and refreshing drink after physical exercise [13].”

    From Coconut water uses, composition and properties: a review (2012) · cites this paper as [13]

  • Coconut water was easier to drink in large quantities than the carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage and plain water.

    “It was also easier to drink in large quantities than the carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage and plain water.”

    From Coconut water uses, composition and properties: a review (2012) · cites this paper as [13]

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Authors
Saat, M., Singh, R., Sirisinghe, R. G., & Nawawi, M.
Affiliations
Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
Venue
Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science
Publisher
Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology
Published
2002
Volume
21
Issue
2
Pages
93-104
ISSN
  • 1345-3475 (ISSN-L)
  • 1347-5355
DOI
10.2114/jpa.21.93
OpenAlex
W2069338813
Cited by
149
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
FWCI
0.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Coconut Research and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
rehydration, exercise-induced dehydration, carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage, plain water, blood volume restoration, fluid loss, exercise in the heat, hypohydration, urine formation, electrolyte replacement, sweat loss, thermoneutrality, post-exercise recovery, healthy men, VO2max
MeSH terms
Adult, Beverages, Blood Volume, Carbohydrates, Cocos, Dehydration, Electrolytes, Fluid Therapy, Humans, Male, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Exercise

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