Cited by 829Psychological Testing and AssessmentPersonality Traits and PsychologyPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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The Cook-Medley hostility scale: item content and ability to predict survival.

Barefoot, J C, Dodge, K A, Peterson, B L, Dahlstrom, W G, Williams, R B·1989·Psychosomatic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/00006842-198901000-00005

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Abstract

Previous studies have identified the MMPI-based Cook and Medley hostility scale (Ho) as a predictor of health outcomes. To achieve a better understanding of the construct measured by this scale, Ho items were classified on an a priori basis. Six subsets were identified: Cynicism, Hostile Attributions, Hostile Affect, Aggressive Responding, Social Avoidance, and Other. Study 1 examined the correlations of these subsets with scales of the NEO Personality Inventory in two samples of undergraduates. Good convergent and discriminant validity were demonstrated, but there was some evidence that items in the Social Avoidance and Other categories reflect constructs other than hostility. Study 2 examined the ability of the Ho scale and the item subsets to predict the 1985 survival of 118 lawyers who had completed the MMPI in 1956 and 1957. As in previous studies, those with high scores had poorer survival (chi 2 = 6.37, p = 0.012). Unlike previous studies, the relation between Ho scores and survival was linear. Cynicism, Hostile Affect, and Aggressive Responding subsets were related to survival, whereas the other subsets were not. The sum of the three predictive subsets, with a chi 2 of 9.45 (p = 0.002), was a better predictor than the full Ho scale, suggesting that it may be possible to refine the scale and achieve an even more effective measure of those aspects of hostility that are deleterious to health.

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Authors: Barefoot, J. C., Dodge, K. A., Peterson, B. L., Dahlstrom, W. G., & Williams, R. B.
Affiliations: Duke Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Dodge, K A
Venue: Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1989-01
Volume: 51
Issue: 1
Pages: 46-57
ISSN: 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00006842-198901000-00005
OpenAlex: W1995645776
Cited by: 825
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 25.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k04hd000806-05)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 36587, P01HL036587)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 70482)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (KO4 HD00806)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: hostility, MMPI, cynicism, hostile attribution, social avoidance, survival prediction, health outcomes, personality traits, lawyers, construct validity
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Coronary Disease, Female, Hostility, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, MMPI, Personality Tests, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Type A Personality

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The Cook-Medley hostility scale: item content and ability to predict survival.

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