Traumatic stress in parents of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of parental acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the relationship between ASD symptoms and PTSD symptoms in parents of infants and children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). To examine the correlation between parental perceptions of illness severity and objective measures. To assess the association among demographic, situational, and illness factors and the severity of ASD and PTSD. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Thirty-eight bed PICU at an urban children's hospital. PATIENTS: The parents of 272 children admitted to the PICU for >48 hrs. INTERVENTIONS: ASD symptoms were assessed using the Acute Stress Disorder Scale during the child's admission. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the PTSD Checklist at least 2 months after discharge. The severity of illness was measured using the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM III) score. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 272 parents completing the initial assessment, 87 (32%) met symptom criteria for ASD. Of the 161 parents completing follow-up, 33 (21%) met symptom criteria for PTSD. PTSD symptoms at follow-up were associated with ASD symptoms assessed in the PICU, unexpected admission, parent's degree of worry that the child might die, and the occurrence of another hospital admission or other traumatic event subsequent to the index admission. Neither ASD nor PTSD responses were associated with objective measures of a child's severity of illness (PRISM III score). CONCLUSION: Traumatic stress symptoms are common among parents in the PICU and may persist long after discharge. There is strong support from these data for continued attention to supporting parents both during and after a child's PICU admission.
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Past intervention studies in this field have all focused on the parents of children with cancer.
“Past intervention studies in this field have all focused on the parents of children with cancer.14,15,16,21,41”
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Higher levels of distress reactions in the early phase predict later, persistent parent mental health difficulties.
“However, higher levels of distress reactions in this early phase have been shown to predict later, persistent parent mental health difficulties [5, 8, 9]”
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- Authors
- Balluffi, A., Kassam-Adams, N., Kazak, A., Tucker, M., Dominguez, T., & Helfaer, M.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- ORCID
- Kazak, Anne
- Venue
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 547-553
- ISSN
- 1529-7535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056568789
- Cited by
- 377
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Radiological and Ultrasound Technology › Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, pediatric intensive care unit, parents of critically ill children, PRISM III score
- MeSH terms
- Attitude to Death, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Urban, Humans, Infant, Length of Stay, Male, Parents, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Intensive Care Units, Pediatric, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute
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