Dietary Complex Carbohydrates and Low Glycemic Index/Load Decrease Levels of Specific Metabolic Syndrome/Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Gastrich, Mary Downes; Lasser, Norman L.; Wien, Michelle; Bachmann, Gloria

doi:10.1097/01.tin.0000312083.76447.8d

Cited by 6Diet, Metabolism, and DiseaseFood composition and propertiesNutritional Studies and Diet

Dietary Complex Carbohydrates and Low Glycemic Index/Load Decrease Levels of Specific Metabolic Syndrome/Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Gastrich, Mary Downes, Lasser, Norman L., Wien, Michelle, Bachmann, Gloria·2008·Topics in Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1097/01.tin.0000312083.76447.8d

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Abstract

The purpose of this systematic review was to assess randomized controlled trials from 1998 to 2006 to determine whether these studies provided adequate and consistent evidence to define the patterns and roles of dietary simple and complex carbohydrates (CHOs), including dietary glycemic index, that affect specific metabolic (plasma triglycerides [TG], cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoproteins, C-reactive protein, and blood pressure) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in men and women. A high intake of dietary fructose and glucose increases TG in men but not in women; high dietary sucrose elevates fasting plasma TGs in women. High dietary complex CHO diets elevated plasma TG in men and women. The type of CHO appears to be an important factor in lowering TG levels and other metabolic syndrome factors. Low-fat, high-complex CHO diets in overweight subjects showed improvement in total serum cholesterol level but may be associated with CHO-induced hypertriglyceridemia. A high-polysaccharide and high-fiber diet that may reduce total and low-density cholesterol, primary CVD risk factors, by more than 10% may be clinically significant. A high-dietary glycemic index may exacerbate the proinflammatory process in women. A diet with low-moderate CHO has been recommended to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome and CVD. Additional studies are needed to further replicate the effects of different dietary approaches on these and other metabolic syndrome factors in both men and women of different ethnicity in varying age groups.

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A systematic review of RCTs in overweight and obese subjects found that replacing refined carbohydrates with low-GI complex carbohydrates conferred more beneficial effects on CHD lipid risk factors compared with complex starchy carbohydrates with higher GI.
“A systematic review of such RCTs in overweight and obese subjects found that replacing refined carbohydrates with low-GI complex carbohydrates conferred more beneficial effects on CHD lipid risk factors when compared with complex starchy carbohydrates with higher GI.57”
From Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohorts (2012) · cites this paper as [57]

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Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohorts
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“A systematic review of such RCTs in overweight and obese subjects found that replacing refined carbohydrates with low-GI complex carbohydrates conferred more beneficial effects on CHD lipid risk factors when compared with complex starchy carbohydrates with higher GI.(57) There has also been emerging evidence on the po…”
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Authors: Gastrich, M. D., Lasser, N. L., Wien, M., & Bachmann, G.
Affiliations: Loma Linda University (US)
ORCID: Bachmann, Gloria
Venue: Topics in Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Pages: 76-96
ISSN: 0883-5691 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/01.tin.0000312083.76447.8d
OpenAlex: W2330286240
Cited by: 6
References: 59
Citations by year: 2023: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 0.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Topics in Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: complex carbohydrates, dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, plasma triglycerides, hypertriglyceridemia, serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, dietary fiber, dietary fructose, sucrose, glucose, low-fat high-carbohydrate diet, overweight, sex differences

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Dietary Complex Carbohydrates and Low Glycemic Index/Load Decrease Levels of Specific Metabolic Syndrome/Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

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