Neural Correlates of Sevoflurane-induced Unconsciousness Identified by Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electroencephalography
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Background: The neural correlates of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness have yet to be fully elucidated. Sedative and anesthetic states induced by propofol have been studied extensively, consistently revealing a decrease of frontoparietal and thalamocortical connectivity. There is, however, less understanding of the effects of halogenated ethers on functional brain networks. Methods: The authors recorded simultaneous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography in 16 artificially ventilated volunteers during sevoflurane anesthesia at burst suppression and 3 and 2 vol% steady-state concentrations for 700 s each to assess functional connectivity changes compared to wakefulness. Electroencephalographic data were analyzed using symbolic transfer entropy (surrogate of information transfer) and permutation entropy (surrogate of cortical information processing). Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed by an independent component analysis and a region-of-interest–based analysis. Results: Electroencephalographic analysis showed a significant reduction of anterior-to-posterior symbolic transfer entropy and global permutation entropy. At 2 vol% sevoflurane concentrations, frontal and thalamic networks identified by independent component analysis showed significantly reduced within-network connectivity. Primary sensory networks did not show a significant change. At burst suppression, all cortical networks showed significantly reduced functional connectivity. Region-of-interest–based thalamic connectivity at 2 vol% was significantly reduced to frontoparietal and posterior cingulate cortices but not to sensory areas. Conclusions: Sevoflurane decreased frontal and thalamocortical connectivity. The changes in blood oxygenation level dependent connectivity were consistent with reduced anterior-to-posterior directed connectivity and reduced cortical information processing. These data advance the understanding of sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness and contribute to a neural basis of electroencephalographic measures that hold promise for intraoperative anesthesia monitoring.
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Simultaneous EEG and fMRI investigations in humans confirmed functional disconnection of prefrontal cortex from posterior cortex during propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia, with concomitant reduction of feedback connectivity identified using symbolic transfer entropy based on EEG.
“Simultaneous EEG and fMRI investigations in humans have confirmed the functional disconnection of the prefrontal cortex from the posterior cortex during propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia by fMRI, with a concomitant reduction of feedback connectivity identified using symbolic transfer entropy based on EEG signals (Jordan et al., 2013; Ranft et al., 2016).”
From Conscious Processing and the Global Neuronal Workspace Hypothesis (2020) · cites this paper as Ranft et al., 2016
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSevoflurane anesthesia specifically disrupts functional connectivity between thalamus and frontal cortex.
“More recent studies have identified a specific disruption of functional connectivity between the thalamus and frontal cortex during sevoflurane anesthesia [131, 132].”
From The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate (2019) · cites this paper as [132]
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“symbolic transfer entropy based on EEG signals (Jordan et al., 2013; Ranft et al., 2016).”
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- Authors
- Ranft, A., Golkowski, D., Kiel, T., Riedl, V., Kohl, P., Rohrer, G., Pientka, J., Berger, S., Thul, A., Maurer, M., Preibisch, C., Zimmer, C., Mashour, G. A., Kochs, E. F., Jordan, D., & Ilg, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Golkowski, Daniel
- ORCID
- Venue
- Anesthesiology
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 861-872
- ISSN
- 0003-3022 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5069173
- OpenAlex
- W2511409893
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 21.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Anesthesiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM098578)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Keywords
- sevoflurane, anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, burst suppression, functional connectivity, thalamocortical connections, frontoparietal connectivity, symbolic transfer entropy, permutation entropy, anesthesia monitoring, resting-state brain networks
- MeSH terms
- Sevoflurane, Adult, Brain, Electroencephalography, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Methyl Ethers, Neural Pathways, Reference Values, Unconsciousness, Anesthetics, Inhalation, Young Adult
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