The Link Between Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The objectives of this study were to evaluate the current evidence of the association of endometriosis and subsequent carcinoma of the ovary and to contextualize this evidence into daily practice issues.Methods This study is a critical review of observational and in vitro studies.Results Although the lifetime risk for ovarian cancer is low in general population and remains low in the broad spectrum of endometriosis, there may be clusters of individuals at higher risk of oncogenesis, whose identification would allow individualized surveillance and prophylactic interventions. Prevalence studies show that specific subtypes of ovarian cancer predominate in women with endometriosis. This has been validated in pathogenetic, genomic, immunobiologic, and hormonal studies.Conclusions Taken together, these data provide a strong rationale for identifying, monitoring, counseling, and treating women with endometriosis who are at highest risk for cancer conversion.
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Long-term endometriosis, endometriosis diagnosed at an early age, endometriosis associated with infertility, and the presence of enlarging ovarian endometrioma or changing characteristics and mural nodule formation are risk situations for the malignant transformation of endometriosis.
“The long-term endometriosis, endometriosis diagnosed at an early age, endometriosis associated with infertility, and the presence of enlarging ovarian endometrioma or changing characteristics and mural nodule formation are risk situations for the malignant transformation of endometriosis (Nezhat et al. 2014).”
From Clear cell carcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis – Brief report and review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as Nezhat et al. 2014
Epigenetics and genomic instability associated with the particular microenvironment of endometriosis, characterized by oxidative stress, inflammatory process and high estrogen levels, contribute to the process of malignant transformation of endometriosis.
“It is becoming clear that epigenetics and genomic instability associated with the particular microenvironment of endometriosis characterized by oxidative stress, inflammatory process and high estrogen levels contribute to the process of malignant transformation of endometriosis (Pearce et al., 2012, Nezhat et al., 2014).”
From Clear cell carcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis – Brief report and review of the literature (2017) · cites this paper as Nezhat et al., 2014
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Chung, Y. S., Baek, J. K., Choi, E., Kim, H.-R., Kim, H., Lee, Y. J., Yun, B. H., & Seo, S. K. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14051550
Perrone, A. M., Scarpelli, E., Mezzapesa, F., Leo, A. D., Coadǎ, C. A., Masina, E., Mantovani, G., Fiuzzi, E., Farinelli, E., Ravaioli, C., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10176151/v1
- Authors
- Nezhat, F. R., Pejovic, T., Reis, F. M., & Guo, S.-W.
- Affiliations
- Mount Sinai Health System (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Venue
- International Journal of Gynecological Cancer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 623-628
- ISSN
- 1048-891X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2014454956
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 1.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Gynecological Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- endometriosis, ovarian cancer, cancer risk, ovarian cancer subtypes, endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, cancer surveillance, prophylactic interventions, hormonal factors, immunobiology, genomics
- MeSH terms
- Endometriosis, Female, Humans, Ovarian Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Prevalence
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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