The DOI matches its Crossref record; 92 of the 92 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 69 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain
Open accessAbstract
Interindividual differences in pain sensitivity vary as a function of interactions between sensory, cognitive–affective, and dispositional factors. Trait mindfulness, characterized as the innate capacity to nonreactively sustain attention to the present moment, is a psychological construct that is associated with lower clinical pain outcomes. Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting dispositional mindfulness are unknown. In an exploratory data analysis obtained during a study comparing mindfulness to placebo analgesia, we sought to determine whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower pain sensitivity. We also aimed to identify the brain mechanisms supporting the postulated inverse relationship between trait mindfulness and pain in response to noxious stimulation. We hypothesized that trait mindfulness would be associated with lower pain and greater deactivation of the default mode network. Seventy-six meditation-naive and healthy volunteers completed the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory and were administered innocuous (35°C) and noxious stimulation (49°C) during perfusion-based functional magnetic resonance imaging. Higher Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory ratings were associated with lower pain intensity (P = 0.005) and pain unpleasantness ratings (P = 0.005). Whole brain analyses revealed that higher dispositional mindfulness was associated with greater deactivation of a brain region extending from the precuneus to posterior cingulate cortex during noxious heat. These novel findings demonstrate that mindful individuals feel less pain and evoke greater deactivation of brain regions supporting the engagement sensory, cognitive, and affective appraisals. We propose that mindfulness and the posterior cingulate cortex should be considered as important mechanistic targets for pain therapies.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a secondary analysis of pre-intervention data from a mindfulness-versus-placebo analgesia study, higher dispositional mindfulness among meditation-naïve healthy volunteers was linked to lower reported pain intensity and unpleasantness. The same trait was tied to stronger deactivation of the precuneus/dorsal posterior cingulate cortex during noxious heat.
Key findings
- Higher Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory scores predicted lower pain intensity (semipartial coefficient = −.32, p = .005) and lower pain unpleasantness (sr = −.32, p = .005) after controlling for age and sex; mean FMI was 40.37 (SEM = .79).
- Noxious 49°C heat versus 35°C produced activation in SI, PAG, bilateral thalamus, SII, parietal operculum, insula, mid-cingulate, dACC, cerebellum and SMA, plus deactivation of PCC/precuneus, bilateral dlPFC and mPFC.
- Greater trait mindfulness was associated with more deactivation of a region spanning precuneus to dorsal PCC and ipsilateral SI during noxious heat; higher dorsal PCC blood flow correlated with greater pain unpleasantness (r = .23, p = .04) and lower FMI (r = −.23, p = .04), with a trend for pain intensity (r = .20, p = .08).
- Conjunction analysis showed significant overlap (p = .001) between pain-related and FMI-related deactivation in precuneus/PCC; global CBF fell during noxious heat relative to neutral (p < .001).
Methods
- Cross-sectional analysis of the pre-intervention session of a previously published neuroimaging experiment; 85 healthy, pain-free, right-handed, meditation-naïve volunteers completed the session, and 76 (mean age 27 ± 5, range 22–52, 40 females) were analyzed after 9 exclusions for MRI artifacts or anomalous CBF.
- Participants completed the 14-item Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory and received alternating innocuous 35°C and noxious 49°C thermal stimulation to the calf during pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion fMRI; pain intensity and unpleasantness were rated on a 15 cm visual analog scale.
- Behavioral data analyzed with regression controlling for age and sex; imaging used FSL with fixed- and random-effects general linear models, cluster threshold z > 2.3 and corrected p < 0.05, plus ROI extraction from PCC masks and bivariate correlations and conjunction analyses.
Limitations
- The paper notes that a stricter multiple-comparison threshold could reduce family-wise error rates, but argues perfusion fMRI, FSL's FLAME Bayesian estimation and larger voxel sizes make inflated FWE less likely (stated).
- The authors describe the work as an exploratory data analysis derived from a study designed for a different question, so it was not powered or designed a priori to test trait mindfulness (evident from the text).
- The design is correlational and cross-sectional, so no causal direction between dispositional mindfulness, PCC activity and pain sensitivity can be established (evident from the text).
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29 Not checked yet · 15 Own result · 5 Own interpretation · 2 Own method · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the 49°C heat series, greater CBF in the dPCC was significantly associated with higher pain unpleasantness (r = .23, p = .04; Figure 4)”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“or pain intensity ratings (r = .19, p = .10).”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but not with FMI (r = −.17, p = .15)”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Higher FMI ratings were associated with greater deactivation of a brain region extending from the precuneus to the dorsal PCC (dPCC) and the ipsilateral SI during noxious heat”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conjunction analyses revealed significant (p = .001) overlap between deactivation corresponding to the main effect of pain and higher FMI rating–related deactivation in the precuneus/PCC”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the 49°C heat series, greater CBF in the dPCC was significantly associated with higher pain unpleasantness (r = .23, p = .04; Figure 4) and lower FMI ratings (r = −.23, p = .04; Figure 4).”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When controlling for age and sex, higher dispositional mindfulness ratings (M = 40.37, SEM = .79) were significantly associated [semipartial coefficient (sr) = −.32, p = .005] with lower pain intensity ratings”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Behavioral Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and deactivation of the PCC/precuneus, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and mPFC”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet, the dPCC, not the vPCC, was inversely associated with trait mindfulness.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Higher dispositional mindfulness scores were significantly associated (sr = −.32, p = .005) with lower pain unpleasantness ratings (Figure 1b) when controlling for age and sex”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Behavioral Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Recent work has shown that chronic pain and alcohol dependent patients exhibiting low levels of trait mindfulness have a greater proclivity to misuse opioids and alcohol during treatment and crave alcohol/opioids during recovery, respectively [20–22].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [20] Garland EL. Trait Mindfulness Predicts Attentional and Autonomic Regulation of Alcohol Cue–Reactivity. Journal of psychophysiology 2011; 25(4): 180– 189. 23976814 PMC3748643 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (page unavailable) report that, among alcohol-dependent inpatients, lower trait mindfulness was associated with greater perceived difficulty resisting the urge to drink. The Discussion (page unavailable) also describes less autonomic recovery after alcohol-cue exposure in less mindful patients. The paper does not establish alcohol or opioid misuse during treatment, study chronic-pain patients, or directly show greater craving during recovery from dependence; its measured recovery period followed cue exposure. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites [21] Garland EL, Hanley AW, Thomas EA, Knoll P, Ferraro J. Low dispositional mindfulness predicts self–medication of negative emotion with prescription opioids. Journal of addiction medicine 2015; 9(1): 61– 67. 25469652 PMC4310788 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Regression analysis of opioid self-medication; page unavailable) link lower dispositional mindfulness to greater opioid self-medication in people treated for prescription opioid dependence. The Methods (Measures; page unavailable) specify that use was assessed before treatment, not during it. The paper does not establish the claimed pattern of alcohol misuse in alcohol-dependent patients or measure alcohol or opioid craving during recovery. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked yetcites [22] Garland EL, Roberts–Lewis A, Kelley K, Tronnier C, Hanley A. Cognitive and affective mechanisms linking trait mindfulness to craving among individuals in addiction recovery. Substance use & misuse 2014; 49(5): 525– 535. 24611848 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a trend towards significance in the relationship between dPCC activation and pain intensity ratings (r = .20, p = .08) during heat series.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Higher trait mindfulness ratings were significantly associated with lower pain sensitivity and greater deactivation of the posterior, midline nodes of the default mode network.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These novel findings demonstrate that meditation naïve individuals exhibiting higher levels of trait mindfulness feel less pain in response to frankly noxious stimulation and evoke greater deactivation of brain regions supporting internal and external engagement of attention and corresponding affective appraisals to arising sensory events”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The dPCC has a high metabolic rate [61], exhibits high CBF values relative to all other brain regions [52]”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [61] Raichle ME, MacLeod AM, Snyder AZ, Powers WJ, Gusnard DA, Shulman GL. A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001; 98(2): 676– 682. 11209064 PMC14647 source
- Not checked yetcites [52] Pfefferbaum A, Chanraud S, Pitel AL, Muller–Oehring E, Shankaranarayanan A, Alsop DC, Rohlfing T, Sullivan EV. Cerebral blood flow in posterior cortical nodes of the default mode network decreases with task engagement but remains higher than in most brain regions. Cerebral cortex 2011; 21(1): 233– 244. 20484322 PMC3000573 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The mindfulness inventory (FMI) used in this study was designed to measure trait mindfulness, as characterized by the day to day ability to experience sensations and emotions without reaction [75].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [75] Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmuller V, Kleinknecht N, Schmidt S. Measuring mindfulness—the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and individual differences 2006; 40: 1543– 1555. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The present evidence suggest that highly mindful individuals may be more resilient to pain–related ruminations [43; 44; 60; 81] and potentially less likely to magnify evaluations that normally impart significance to salient sensory events”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [43] Mrazek MD, Franklin MS, Phillips DT, Baird B, Schooler JW. Mindfulness training improves working memory capacity and GRE performance while reducing mind wandering. Psychological science 2013; 24(5): 776– 781. 23538911 source
- Not checked yetcites [44] Mrazek MD, Smallwood J, Schooler JW. Mindfulness and mind–wandering: finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion 2012; 12(3): 442– 448. 22309719 source
- Not checked yetcites [60] Rahl HA, Lindsay EK, Pacilio LE, Brown KW, Creswell JD. Brief mindfulness meditation training reduces mind wandering: The critical role of acceptance. Emotion 2017; 17(2): 224– 230. 27819445 PMC5329004 source
- Not checked yetcites [81] Xu M, Purdon C, Seli P, Smilek D. Mindfulness and mind wandering: The protective effects of brief meditation in anxious individuals. Consciousness and cognition 2017; 51: 157– 165. 28376373 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The FMI is a psychometrically valid instrument that exhibited high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.86) in this study and previous work [75].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Dispositional Mindfulness Assessment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [75] Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmuller V, Kleinknecht N, Schmidt S. Measuring mindfulness—the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and individual differences 2006; 40: 1543– 1555. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In fact, mindful individuals exhibit an increased tendency to experience pleasure [72], reduced pain catastrophizing [13; 51; 63], and recover from stress more effectively than non mindful individuals [11].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [72] Thomas EA, Garland EL. Mindfulness is Associated With Increased Hedonic Capacity Among Chronic Pain Patients Receiving Extended Opioid Pharmacotherapy. The Clinical journal of pain 2017; 33(2): 166– 173. 28060783 PMC5235319 source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Day MA, Smitherman A, Ward LC, Thorn BE. An investigation of the associations between measures of mindfulness and pain catastrophizing. The Clinical journal of pain 2015; 31(3): 222– 228. 24699159 source
- Not checked yetcites [51] Petter M, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, Dick BD. The role of trait mindfulness in the pain experience of adolescents. The journal of pain: official journal of the American Pain Society 2013; 14(12): 1709– 1718. 24290451 source
- Not checked yetcites [63] Schutze R, Rees C, Preece M, Schutze M. Low mindfulness predicts pain catastrophizing in a fear–avoidance model of chronic pain. Pain 2010; 148(1): 120– 127. 19944534 source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Daubenmier J, Hayden D, Chang V, Epel E. It’s not what you think, it’s how you relate to it: dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between psychological distress and the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 48: 11– 18. 24971591 PMC4503930 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“and is anatomically and functionally hetereogeous [37; 74].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] Leech R, Kamourieh S, Beckmann CF, Sharp DJ. Fractionating the default mode network: distinct contributions of the ventral and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex to cognitive control. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2011; 31(9): 3217– 3224. 21368033 PMC6623935 source
- Not checked yetcites [74] Vogt BA, Vogt L, Laureys S. Cytology and functionally correlated circuits of human posterior cingulate areas. NeuroImage 2006; 29(2): 452– 466. 16140550 PMC2649771 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is also associated with monitoring and signaling affective changes in the sensory environment and allocating attentional resources to address said environmental alterations [29; 36; 37].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [29] Heilbronner SR, Platt ML. Causal evidence of performance monitoring by neurons in posterior cingulate cortex during learning. Neuron 2013; 80(6): 1384– 1391. 24360542 PMC3892695 source
- Not checked yetcites [36] Leech R, Braga R, Sharp DJ. Echoes of the brain within the posterior cingulate cortex. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012; 32(1): 215– 222. 22219283 PMC6621313 source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Leech R, Kamourieh S, Beckmann CF, Sharp DJ. Fractionating the default mode network: distinct contributions of the ventral and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex to cognitive control. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2011; 31(9): 3217– 3224. 21368033 PMC6623935 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory short form (FMI) is a 14–item assessment designed to assess dispositional mindfulness because it’s validity is not predicated upon prior meditative experience, does not require experience with Buddhism or meditation, and has been utilized as a validated measure of trait mindfulness [48; 75; 91].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Dispositional Mindfulness Assessment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] Ouwens MA, Schiffer AA, Visser LI, Raeijmaekers NJ, Nyklicek I. Mindfulness and eating behaviour styles in morbidly obese males and females. Appetite 2015; 87: 62– 67. 25478687 source
- Not checked yetcites [75] Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmuller V, Kleinknecht N, Schmidt S. Measuring mindfulness—the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and individual differences 2006; 40: 1543– 1555. source
- Not checked yetcites [91] Zhang J, Wu C. The influence of dispositional mindfulness on safety behaviors: a dual process perspective. Accident; analysis and prevention 2014; 70: 24– 32. 24686163 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In two separate regression analyses, pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings were entered as the dependent variable, respectively while controlling for age and sex.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Analysis of Behavioral Data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Individuals with low dispositional mindfulness exhibited higher pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings, suggesting that they have heightened attentional sensitivity and affective engagement to noxious stimuli [36].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Leech R, Braga R, Sharp DJ. Echoes of the brain within the posterior cingulate cortex. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012; 32(1): 215– 222. 22219283 PMC6621313 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While non–mindful individuals may be more likely to “get caught up” [5] in pain, individuals higher in trait mindfulness may have a greater ability to decouple noxious sensory discriminations from affective appraisals [90].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Brewer JA, Garrison KA. The posterior cingulate cortex as a plausible mechanistic target of meditation: findings from neuroimaging. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2013. 24033438 source
- Not checked yetcites [90] Zeidan F, Vago DR. Mindfulness meditation–based pain relief: a mechanistic account. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2016; 1373(1): 114– 127. 27398643 PMC4941786
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The dPCC has also been repeatedly implicated in processing the sense of self [26; 76] because it is anatomically organized and connected to five functional subsystems including attentional, motor, sensory, salience, and DMN [27; 36; 38] and facilitates broad attentional monitoring and affective reactions to initiate behavior change [37; 52].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Guterstam A, Bjornsdotter M, Gentile G, Ehrsson HH. Posterior cingulate cortex integrates the senses of self–location and body ownership. Current biology: CB 2015; 25(11): 1416– 1425. 25936550 source
- Not checked yetcites [76] Whitfield–Gabrieli S, Moran JM, Nieto–Castanon A, Triantafyllou C, Saxe R, Gabrieli JD. Associations and dissociations between default and self–reference networks in the human brain. NeuroImage 2011; 55(1): 225– 232. 21111832 source
- Not checked yetcites [27] Hagmann P, Cammoun L, Gigandet X, Meuli R, Honey CJ, Wedeen VJ, Sporns O. Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex. PLoS biology 2008; 6(7): e159. 18597554 PMC2443193 source
- Not checked yetcites [36] Leech R, Braga R, Sharp DJ. Echoes of the brain within the posterior cingulate cortex. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012; 32(1): 215– 222. 22219283 PMC6621313 source
- Not checked yetcites [38] Leech R, Sharp DJ. The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease. Brain: a journal of neurology 2014; 137(Pt 1): 12– 32. 23869106 PMC3891440 source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Leech R, Kamourieh S, Beckmann CF, Sharp DJ. Fractionating the default mode network: distinct contributions of the ventral and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex to cognitive control. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2011; 31(9): 3217– 3224. 21368033 PMC6623935 source
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plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is possible that a more conservative multiple comparison threshold would lower family wise error rates (FWE) [16].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Eklund A, Nichols TE, Knutsson H. Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false–positive rates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2016; 113(28): 7900– 7905. 27357684 PMC4948312 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“T/F statistic images were Gaussianized and thresholded using clusters determined by a z > 2.3. Corrected cluster significance threshold was set at p < 0.05 [80]. This procedure ensures that the probability of false positive findings is corrected for multiple comparisons across all brain voxels [79].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Analysis of Neuroimaging Data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [80] Worsley KJ, Evans AC, Marrett S, Neelin P. A three–dimensional statistical analysis for CBF activation studies in human brain. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism: official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 1992; 12(6): 900– 918. 1400644 source
- Not matchedcites [79] Worsley KJ. Statistical analysis of activation images In: Jezzard P, Matthews PM, Smith SM (eds). Functional MRI: An Introduction to Methods. Oxford University Press Inc. New York, New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 2001.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“CBF images exhibiting low (≤ 20ml/100g tissue/min) global/regional CBF values were subsequently characterized as anomalous [83]. In sum, nine subjects exhibited artifacts and/or anomalous CBF and their data were subsequently removed”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Analysis of Neuroimaging Data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [83] Zeidan F, Emerson NM, Farris SR, Ray JN, Jung Y, McHaffie JG, Coghill RC. Mindfulness Meditation–Based Pain Relief Employs Different Neural Mechanisms Than Placebo and Sham Mindfulness Meditation–Induced Analgesia. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2015; 35(46): 15307– 15325. 26586819 PMC4649004 source
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The dPCC is significantly integrated with other neural networks and has multiple, significant roles in facilitating internally directed attention and sensory awareness [28; 38].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
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- Not checked yetcites [38] Leech R, Sharp DJ. The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease. Brain: a journal of neurology 2014; 137(Pt 1): 12– 32. 23869106 PMC3891440 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nine subjects were excluded from the final analysis due to MRI–related artifacts (defined below in the CBF Artifact Detection Procedures section). Thus, a total of 76 participants (mean age = 27 ± 5; age range 22–52 years; 40 females) are included in this study.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Participants
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Together, these approaches are associated with significantly lower FWE rates [15; 18; 45].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Detre JA, Wang J. Technical aspects and utility of fMRI using BOLD and ASL. Clinical neurophysiology: official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 2002; 113(5): 621– 634. 11976042 source
- Not checked yetcites [18] Flandin G, Friston KJ. Analysis of family–wise error rates in statistical parametric mapping using random field theory. Human brain mapping 2017. PMC6585687 29091338
- Not checked yetcites [45] Mueller K, Lepsien J, Moller HE, Lohmann G. Commentary: Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false–positive rates. Frontiers in human neuroscience 2017; 11: 345. 28701944 PMC5487467 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The neural mechanisms that support the link between dispositional mindfulness and pain are not known.
“However, the neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain are unknown.”
“Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting dispositional mindfulness are unknown.”
The paper relies on this without support.
It is not established whether individual differences in trait mindfulness covary with pain sensitivity in meditation-naïve people.
“Yet, we have not identified if inter–individual differences in trait mindfulness co–vary with pain sensitivity in meditation naïve individuals and the brain mechanisms supporting the hypothesized relationship between trait mindfulness and pain.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recent theoretical developments and empirical research suggest that more mindful people may feel less pain [59]”
From Mindfulness and physical disease: a concise review (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Zeidan et al.142 used perfusion-based arterial spin labeling (ASL) fMRI to determine the significant relationship between higher dispositional mindfulness (as measured by the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory) and lower pain ratings in response to noxious heat (49°C).142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Specifically, greater deactivation of the dorsal PCC and precuneus was associated with higher trait mindfulness, and greater activation of the dorsal PCC during noxious heat was associated with higher pain reports during noxious heat (Fig. 1).142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Taken together, these 2 studies provide unique mechanistic insight that trait mindfulness is associated with lower pain and lower PCC/precuneus processing, suggesting that trait mindfulness is associated with a lower propensity to ruminate on65 and personalize4 the appraisal of arising noxious sensory events.142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“As hypothesized, higher trait mindfulness was associated with greater deactivation of the posterior, midline nodes of the so-called default mode network.”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Taken together, these 2 studies provide unique mechanistic insight that trait mindfulness is associated with lower pain and lower PCC/precuneus processing, suggesting that trait mindfulness is associated with a lower propensity to ruminate on65 and personalize4 the appraisal of arising noxious sensory events.142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, individuals who exhibit higher trait mindfulness may have a greater ability to decouple noxious sensory discriminations from affective appraisals.142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Specifically, greater deactivation of the dorsal PCC and precuneus was associated with higher trait mindfulness, and greater activation of the dorsal PCC during noxious heat was associated with higher pain reports during noxious heat (Fig. 1).142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Study Design
“a 4min and 24s series of alternating 49°C (12s plateau) and 35°C (12s plateau) stimulation to the back of the left calf, identical to the “heat” paradigm used in subsequent MRI experimental sessions.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Study Design
“The heat series included ten, 12 second plateaus of 49°C interleaved between eleven, 8 second periods of 35°C stimulation [83].”
Citations
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A default mode of brain function
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Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex
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Cluster failure: why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates
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“It is possible that a more conservative multiple comparison threshold would lower family-wise error (FWE) rates.(16) However, the results from this study may be less susceptible to inflated FWE rates because we used perfusionbased fMRI, FSL’s conservative FMRIB’s Local Analysis of Mixed Effects (FLAME 1 1 2) Bayesian…”
Temporal Autocorrelation in Univariate Linear Modeling of FMRI Data
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuraxial Cytokines in Pain States
dos Santos, G. G., Delay, L., Yaksh, T. L., & Corr, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.03061 · Cited by 171
Zeidan, F., Baumgartner, J. N., & Coghill, R. C. (2019) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000759 · Cited by 115
Self-citationMindfulness and physical disease: a concise review
Greeson, J. M., & Chin, G. R. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.014 · Cited by 85
Aytur, S. A., Ray, K. L., Meier, S. K., Campbell, J., Gendron, B., Waller, N., & Robin, D. A. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.20144063 · Cited by 49
Riegner, G., Posey, G., Oliva, V. N. L. D. S., Jung, Y., Mobley, W. C., & Zeidan, F. Z. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002731 · Cited by 45
Self-citationMcClintock, C. H., Worhunsky, P. D., Balodis, I. M., Sinha, R., Miller, L., & Potenza, M. N. (2019) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-019-00195-0 · Cited by 44
Chronic Pain and Emotional Stroop: A Systematic Review
Díaz, L. A., Montoro, C. I., Fischer-Jbali, L. R., & Galvez-Sánchez, C. M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11123259 · Cited by 40
“Thus, the application of this technique reduces brain activation and pain perception, where trait mindfulness is a major component of the therapy [90,91].”
MethodResultAttention to breath sensations does not engage endogenous opioids to reduce pain
Wells, R. E., Collier, J., Posey, G., Morgan, A., Auman, T., Strittmatter, B., Magalhaes, R., Adler-Neal, A. L., McHaffie, J. G., & Zeidan, F. Z. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001865 · Cited by 36
“Attention to the breath is thought to increase metacognitive processes that promote reappraisal of sensations, feelings, and emotions in a present-centered and nonreactive, nonjudgmental fashion.(25,31,88) Therefore, the normally high salience of noxious thermal stimuli may be reappraised by voluntarily redirecting at…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCunningham, N. R., Kashikar‐Zuck, S., & Coghill, R. C. (2019) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000767 · Cited by 30
Self-citationKraemer, K. M., Jain, F. A., Mehta, D. H., & Fricchione, G. L. (2022) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1742287 · Cited by 27
Beshai, S., Salimuddin, S., Refaie, N., & Maierhoffer, J. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-02008-0 · Cited by 22
“High levels of DM are associated with heightened neural activation in brain regions associated with self-referential thinking and self-regulation, while associated with attenuated neural activation in brain regions associated with emotional reactivity even in the context of viewing emotional stimuli (Kong et al., 2016…”
BackgroundDavoudi, M., Allame, Z., nia, R. T., Taheri, A. A., & Ahmadi, S. M. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00700-3 · Cited by 24
“With these improvements, their pain-related disability was reduced, and improved their QOL [16, 30, 33].”
BackgroundHatchard, T., Mioduszewski, O., Khoo, E.-L., Romanow, H., Shergill, Y., Tennant, E., Leeming, A., Fang, Z., Poulin, P., & Smith, A. M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01546-9 · Cited by 21
Employing pain and mindfulness to understand consciousness: a symbiotic relationship
Grant, J. A., & Zeidan, F. Z. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.025 · Cited by 24
“We recently discovered that higher dispositional mindfulness, defined as the innate capacity to be aware of the present moment in a non-reactive manner, is associated with greater deactivation of the PCC and lower pain ratings [84].”
Self-citationTransition from Acute to Chronic Pain: Where Cells, Systems and Society Meet
Glare, P., Overton, S., & Aubrey, K. (2020) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2019-0039 · Cited by 20
Meditation as an Adjunct to the Management of Acute Pain
Wipplinger, F., Holthof, N., Andereggen, L., Urman, R. D., Luedi, M. M., & Bello, C. (2023) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-023-01119-0 · Cited by 20
Orgil, Z., Johnson, L., Karthic, A., Williams, S. E., Ding, L., Kashikar‐Zuck, S., King, C. D., & Olbrecht, V. A. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071274 · Cited by 17
There Is More to Mindfulness Than Emotion Regulation: A Study on Brain Structural Networks
Baltruschat, S., Cándido, A., Maldonado, A., Verdejo-Lucas, C., Catena-Verdejo, E., & Catena, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659403 · Cited by 20
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Effect of experimental orthodontic pain on gray and white matter functional connectivity
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Hunt, C., Letzen, J. E., Krimmel, S. R., Burrowes, S. A. B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Finan, P. H., Vetter, M., & Seminowicz, D. A. (2022) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.07.011 · Cited by 15
Khatib, L. A., Glaser-Reich, J., Mosbey, D., Oliva, V. N. L. D. S., Riegner, G., Dean, J. G., Harth, N. M., & Zeidan, F. Z. (2022) · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11896-022-09554-2 · Cited by 15
Self-citationDynamic processes of mindfulness-based alterations in pain perception
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“…analgesia: (1) comparing mindfulness experts (or subjects with a high level of trait mindfulness) with novices (or subjects with a low level of trait mindfulness); (2) comparing mindfulness training groups with control groups (Zeidan et al., 2011, 2015, 2018; Gard et al., 2012; Lutz et al., 2013).”
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“Hence, mindfulness meditation can help people with chronic pain uncouple affective response from sensations of pain [6].”
BackgroundPsychological Theories of Pain
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Mischkowski, D., Stavish, C. M., Palacios‐Barrios, E. E., Banker, L., Dildine, T. C., & Atlas, L. Y. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000911 · Cited by 12
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The role of dispositional mindfulness in the fear-avoidance model of pain
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Khatib, L. A., Dean, J. G., Oliva, V. N. L. D. S., Riegner, G., Gonzalez, N., Birenbaum, J., Cruanes, G. F., Miller, J. E., Patterson, M., Kim, H.-C., et al. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01766-2 · Cited by 11
Self-citationNien, J., Chen, N., Kee, Y. H., Wu, C., Ahn, J., Yu, C.-Y., Chi, L., & Chang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2024.2391651 · Cited by 8
“Zeidan et al. (2018) supported this notion, demonstrating that individuals with higher dispositional mindfulness experience reduced pain and exhibit greater deactivation in brain regions such as the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, which are involved in sensory, cognitive and affective processing…”
da Silva, G. V., Magri, L. V., Melchior, M. D. O., Leite‐Panissi, C. R. A., & Gherardi‐Donato, E. C. D. S. (2022) · CRANIO® · doi:10.1080/08869634.2022.2086208 · Cited by 9
“Perceiving the flow of thoughts without identifying them, taking a more neutral stance, acting toward both the attentional and the evaluative processing [15] are all associated with lower clinical pain results [16], explaining the reduction in patients’ suffering and pain [17,18].”
Oxytocin Modulation in Mindfulness-Based Pain Management for Chronic Pain
Aygün, O., Mohr, E., Duff, C., Matthew, S., & Schoenberg, P. L. A. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14020253 · Cited by 11
“…reduction in pain experience between pre vs. post test measures, while the reductions in pre vs. post test measures of pain for the wait-list control group was less significant, providing further evidence that mindfulness based interventions could be effective in reduction of pain [21,22,41,92–95].”
Medina, S., O’Daly, O., Howard, M. A., Feliu‐Soler, A., & Luciano, J. V. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01806-2 · Cited by 8
“Although ASL presents a valuable opportunity to study how rCBF relates to FMS symptom improvement as well as mechanisms of action of treatments for FMS, the literature in this field is to date scarce (Moana-Filho et al., 2013; Müller et al., 2021; Zeidan et al., 2018).”
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“Moreover, a large body of literature shows that increasing mindfulness is a useful strategy that increases pain regulation and reduces perceived pain in clinical settings (4, 39-42).”
Moline, R. L., Constantin, K. L., Chambers, C. T., Powell, D. M., Lewis, S. P., Laurignano, L., & McMurtry, C. M. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9121869 · Cited by 10
“Taken together, mindfulness interventions comprise an emotion-regulatory strategy that can result in pain and distress alleviation [20,21].”
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“Additionally, the development of new cognitive and behavioural patterns targeted by mindfulness practices often occurs gradually and may require longer-term engagement to affect underlying neuroplastic processes [35, 36].”
Valluri, J., Gorton, K. L., & Schmer, C. (2023) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/hnp.0000000000000626 · Cited by 8
“16,41 Consistent meditation practices affect neural changes that provide increased psychological control of fear, depression, anxiety, stress, and pain and improve psychological well-being 22,33,34 Participants in the Sufi meditation study reported reduced anxiety levels.”
BackgroundDanhauer, S. C., Miller, M. E., Divers, J., Anderson, A., Hargis, G., & Brenes, G. A. (2022) · Global Advances in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1177/2164957x221100405 · Cited by 8
“This finding is important because older adults prefer nonpharmacological treatments (primarily psychotherapy) over medication for anxiety and depression.(70,71) Prior to this study, no one examined relative preference for yoga for the treatment of anxiety.”
BackgroundPrado‐e‐Silva, L., Melchior, M. D. O., Mélo, A. M., Stuginski‐Barbosa, J., Mazzi‐Chaves, J. F., Díaz‐Serrano, K. V., Gherardi‐Donato, E. C. D. S., Leite‐Panissi, C. R. A., & Magri, L. V. (2025) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.13943 · Cited by 5
Paediatric pain management: from regional to virtual
Heydinger, G. J., Karthic, A., & Olbrecht, V. A. (2023) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000001247 · Cited by 5
“There is deactivation of these areas when individuals purposefully shift their attention towards a distractor [37,38].”
BackgroundMelchior, M. D. O., Magri, L. V., Díaz‐Serrano, K. V., Leite‐Panissi, C. R. A., & Gherardi‐Donato, E. C. D. S. (2024) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.13690 · Cited by 5
Warren, H. J. M., Ioachim, G., Ioachim, G., Powers, J. M., Staud, R., Pukall, C., & Stroman, P. W. (2024) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v12i3.5206 · Cited by 5
The intersection between integrative medicine and neuropathic pain: A case report
Zarabian, K., Wannon, A., Chin, M. L., & Kogan, M. (2021) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2021.01.004 · Cited by 5
Smith, F., Howie, L., Malsingh, J., O’Mant, A., Shakespeare, S., & Tunney, K. (2024) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1080/10833196.2024.2367814 · Cited by 5
Psychological Theories of Pain
Penlington, C., Urbanek, M., & Barker, S. (2022) · BDJ clinician's guides · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86634-1_4 · Cited by 4
Mindfulness-Based Practices for the Impaired Performance Athlete
Campbell, M. L. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/e607-fbd4 · Cited by 3
Mu, C., & Lee, S. (2022) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2022.2069245 · Cited by 3
“Generally, previous literature has found that higher trait mindfulness aides in better sleep quality and less pain (Bogusch et al., 2016; Harrison et al., 2019; Zeidan et al., 2018).”
BackgroundNeural and Psychological Mechanisms in the Relationship Between Resting Breathing Rate and Pain
Oliva, V. N. L. D. S., Baumgartner, J. N., Farris, S. R., Riegner, G., Khatib, L. A., Jung, Y., Coghill, R. C., & Zeidan, F. Z. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02176-7 · Cited by 3
Self-citationAguerre, N. V., Miró, E., Martínez, M. P., Raya-Terrón, A., & Sánchez, A. I. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02643-3 · Cited by 2
Nelson, S., Mitcheson, M., Nestor, B. A., Enlow, M. B., & Borsook, D. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003241 · Cited by 2
“43,77,85 Moreover, changes in some of these areas have been captured after as little as 80 minutes of mindfulness practice, 85–87 which indicates that fMRI can be an appropriate and effective method to capture initial intervention response.”
MethodShah, N., Morris, M., Cohn, E. S., Morone, N. E., Ellis, T. D., & Kumar, D. (2025) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1177/27683605251364715 · Cited by 2
“6 9 In an initial feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) of mindful exercise versus exercise, the authors observed that mindful exercise delivered via telehealth was safe and satisfactory with acceptable enrollment and retention.”
Bases biológicas del mindfulness y su aplicación en la práctica clínica
Gómez, S. M., Peñaloza, M., Rodríguez, N. B., & Alba, L. H. (2022) · Universitas Médica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.umed63-2.mind · Cited by 4
“Existe evidencia de que las terapias basadas en mindfulness inducen cambios biológicos positivos en los sistemas nervioso, cardiovascular, inmunológico y hormonal, lo cual explica el auge de este tipo de aproximaciones como terapias complementarias en el manejo de patologías relacionadas con los sistemas mencionados (…”
BackgroundUnfinished business: a multicommodity intertemporal planner–doer framework
Shefrin, H. (2020) · Review of Behavioral Finance · doi:10.1108/rbf-10-2019-0148 · Cited by 2
Golshan, F., Sun, G., Francisco, J., Alibolandi, P., Zade, M. N., Mousavi, A., Lysenko, R., O’Connell, M. E., Block, H., Masiowski, P., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111685 · Cited by 1
Wang, Z., Liu, C., Wei, X., Zhang, N., Li, J.-L., Lee, C., Zhou, H., Tu, J., & Wang, X. (2026) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-026-01094-1 · Cited by 1
Chen, L., Berner, N., Hagel, L., Heukamp, N. J., Moliadze, V., & Nees, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2025.1534339 · Cited by 1
Intervenciones basadas en mindfulness para el manejo de pacientes con dolor
Schuler, G. S. R., & Badoui, N. (2021) · Universitas Médica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.umed62-4.mind · Cited by 1
Therapeutic dissociation: From non-ordinary states to psychological transformationPreprint
Clingo, J. (2024) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ypr7w · Cited by 1
Harnessing Placebo Analgesia: Another Avenue to Opioid Reduction in Oral Surgery
Florine, B. L. (2019) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2019.06.193
McClintock, C. H. (2019) · doi:10.7916/d8-krym-wc92
“supported by a study that showed that dispositional mindfulness during noxious thermal stimulation was associated with lower pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings and greater deactivation of the precuneus and PCC (Zeidan et al., 2018).”
ResultInfluentialLinking fMRI, Pain, and Addictions
Aytur, S., Roy, G., Doyle, M., Ray, K. L., Meier, S. K., & Robin, D. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_33-1
nia, R. T., Davoudi, M., Ahmadi, S. M., & Taheri, A. A. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-64795/v1
“So, with these improvements, their pain-related disability reduced and so on improved their QOL(13, 27, 30).”
BackgroundThe Brain Mechanism of Mindfulness
李, 娜. (2020) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2020.108144
علم النفس الإيجابي ودوره في الصحة النفسية لدى طلبة کلية التربية الأساسية
الهبيدة, ج. م., & الحربي, س. ن. (2022) · Maǧallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Bil-Manṣūraẗ · doi:10.21608/maed.2022.249768
An Exploration of the Effects of Mindfulness on Pain: The Role of Pain Catastrophizing
Haliwa, I. (2022) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.11302
Linking fMRI, Pain, and Addictions
Aytur, S., Roy, G., Doyle, M., Ray, K. L., Meier, S. K., & Robin, D. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_33
The mechanism of mindfulness meditation on pain by functional magnetic resonance imaging method
Yıldız, Y., Kocahan, S., Çelenlioğlu, A. E., & Özler, M. (2023) · The European Research Journal · doi:10.18621/eurj.1245845
Chen, L., Berner, N., Hagel, L., Heukamp, N. J., Moliadze, V., & Nees, F. (2025) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001333
“13,60 This may also suggest why individuals with high trait mindfulness are more likely to maintain awareness and attention on pain stimulation (ie, the present moment during pain stimulation), which may hinder their pain habituation.”
InfluentialAslantürk, A., Arslan, C., & Seki, T. (2025) · Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/1467-6427.70005
Afşin, R. Ş., Doğan, O., & Özlü, A. K. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1676671
Pérez-Alvarez, F., Rodríguez, S. M., Gallart, C. T., Robusté, O. M., Baus-Rosset, J., & Larrea-Barreiro, L. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science · doi:10.4236/jbbs.2026.162003
Egan, W. E., Crane, P. J., Morris, J., Young, J. L., & Rhon, D. I. (2026) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2026.2656341
Trait mindfulness is negatively related to physical health symptoms over time.
Dillard, A., Frobish, D., Hanna, M., Korol, J., Lappas, C. M., & Meier, B. P. (2026) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2026.2668116
Castaldi, N. J. S., Matoso‐Filho, R. C., de Souza, C. S. P., Candido-do-Prado, L. G., Melchior, M. D. O., Regalo, S. C. H., Mazzi‐Chaves, J. F., & Magri, L. V. (2026) · Odontology · doi:10.1007/s10266-026-01420-5
Task-evoked network connectivity and pain regulation success in chronic low back pain
Anderson, S. R., Gilam, G., Law, C. S. W., Weber, K. A., II, Goldin, P. R., Wager, T. D., Kong, J., Darnall, B. D., Gross, J. J., & Mackey, S. (2026) · Neuroimage Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100383
“…(DMN) connectivity in healthy individuals (Harrison et al., 2019), greater deactivation of brain regions involved in pain appraisal during experimentally induced heat pain (Zeidan et al., 2018), and reduced pain intensity and interference among individuals with chronic pain (Elvery et al., 2017).”
Lin, A. M., Rachwal, B., Asti, L., Orgil, Z., Santiago, I., Ding, L., Kashikar‐Zuck, S., King, C. D., Williams, S. E., Black, W. R., et al. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/94604
“…an approach that integrates physiologically grounded BF therapy with immersive VR engagement, promoting autonomic regulation through slow, resonance-frequency breathing and enhancing HRV and vagal tone to reduce pain [6-9, 28, 43-46 43-46 Several insights from this work will inform future trials.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Zeidan, F., Salomons, T., Farris, S. R., Emerson, N. M., Adler-Neal, A., Jung, Y., & Coghill, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- University of Reading (GB)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zeidan, Fadel
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2018-07-12
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2477-2485
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- 1872-6623
- PMC
- PMC6237620
- OpenAlex
- W2884372852
- Semantic Scholar
- 43bda9d5be188b0e5602bc9e06fa02007ca49894
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (L30 AT006838, F30AT009165, F32AT006949, R00AT008238, K99AT008238, R21AT007247, R01AT009693)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- trait mindfulness, pain sensitivity, pain unpleasantness, pain intensity, default mode network, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, noxious heat, placebo analgesia, individual differences, neural mechanisms of pain
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Pain, Psychophysics, Neural Networks, Computer, Pain Threshold, Young Adult, Pain Management, Visual Analog Scale, Mindfulness
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