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Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain
Open accessAbstract
Interindividual differences in pain sensitivity vary as a function of interactions between sensory, cognitive–affective, and dispositional factors. Trait mindfulness, characterized as the innate capacity to nonreactively sustain attention to the present moment, is a psychological construct that is associated with lower clinical pain outcomes. Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting dispositional mindfulness are unknown. In an exploratory data analysis obtained during a study comparing mindfulness to placebo analgesia, we sought to determine whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower pain sensitivity. We also aimed to identify the brain mechanisms supporting the postulated inverse relationship between trait mindfulness and pain in response to noxious stimulation. We hypothesized that trait mindfulness would be associated with lower pain and greater deactivation of the default mode network. Seventy-six meditation-naive and healthy volunteers completed the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory and were administered innocuous (35°C) and noxious stimulation (49°C) during perfusion-based functional magnetic resonance imaging. Higher Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory ratings were associated with lower pain intensity (P = 0.005) and pain unpleasantness ratings (P = 0.005). Whole brain analyses revealed that higher dispositional mindfulness was associated with greater deactivation of a brain region extending from the precuneus to posterior cingulate cortex during noxious heat. These novel findings demonstrate that mindful individuals feel less pain and evoke greater deactivation of brain regions supporting the engagement sensory, cognitive, and affective appraisals. We propose that mindfulness and the posterior cingulate cortex should be considered as important mechanistic targets for pain therapies.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a secondary analysis of pre-intervention data from a mindfulness-versus-placebo analgesia study, higher dispositional mindfulness among meditation-naïve healthy volunteers was linked to lower reported pain intensity and unpleasantness. The same trait was tied to stronger deactivation of the precuneus/dorsal posterior cingulate cortex during noxious heat.
Key findings
- Higher Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory scores predicted lower pain intensity (semipartial coefficient = −.32, p = .005) and lower pain unpleasantness (sr = −.32, p = .005) after controlling for age and sex; mean FMI was 40.37 (SEM = .79).
- Noxious 49°C heat versus 35°C produced activation in SI, PAG, bilateral thalamus, SII, parietal operculum, insula, mid-cingulate, dACC, cerebellum and SMA, plus deactivation of PCC/precuneus, bilateral dlPFC and mPFC.
- Greater trait mindfulness was associated with more deactivation of a region spanning precuneus to dorsal PCC and ipsilateral SI during noxious heat; higher dorsal PCC blood flow correlated with greater pain unpleasantness (r = .23, p = .04) and lower FMI (r = −.23, p = .04), with a trend for pain intensity (r = .20, p = .08).
- Conjunction analysis showed significant overlap (p = .001) between pain-related and FMI-related deactivation in precuneus/PCC; global CBF fell during noxious heat relative to neutral (p < .001).
Methods
- Cross-sectional analysis of the pre-intervention session of a previously published neuroimaging experiment; 85 healthy, pain-free, right-handed, meditation-naïve volunteers completed the session, and 76 (mean age 27 ± 5, range 22–52, 40 females) were analyzed after 9 exclusions for MRI artifacts or anomalous CBF.
- Participants completed the 14-item Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory and received alternating innocuous 35°C and noxious 49°C thermal stimulation to the calf during pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion fMRI; pain intensity and unpleasantness were rated on a 15 cm visual analog scale.
- Behavioral data analyzed with regression controlling for age and sex; imaging used FSL with fixed- and random-effects general linear models, cluster threshold z > 2.3 and corrected p < 0.05, plus ROI extraction from PCC masks and bivariate correlations and conjunction analyses.
Limitations
- The paper notes that a stricter multiple-comparison threshold could reduce family-wise error rates, but argues perfusion fMRI, FSL's FLAME Bayesian estimation and larger voxel sizes make inflated FWE less likely (stated).
- The authors describe the work as an exploratory data analysis derived from a study designed for a different question, so it was not powered or designed a priori to test trait mindfulness (evident from the text).
- The design is correlational and cross-sectional, so no causal direction between dispositional mindfulness, PCC activity and pain sensitivity can be established (evident from the text).
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30 Not checked yet · 15 Own result · 5 Own interpretation · 2 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the 49°C heat series, greater CBF in the dPCC was significantly associated with higher pain unpleasantness (r = .23, p = .04; Figure 4)”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
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In the paper
“or pain intensity ratings (r = .19, p = .10).”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“but not with FMI (r = −.17, p = .15)”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Higher FMI ratings were associated with greater deactivation of a brain region extending from the precuneus to the dorsal PCC (dPCC) and the ipsilateral SI during noxious heat”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conjunction analyses revealed significant (p = .001) overlap between deactivation corresponding to the main effect of pain and higher FMI rating–related deactivation in the precuneus/PCC”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the 49°C heat series, greater CBF in the dPCC was significantly associated with higher pain unpleasantness (r = .23, p = .04; Figure 4) and lower FMI ratings (r = −.23, p = .04; Figure 4).”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When controlling for age and sex, higher dispositional mindfulness ratings (M = 40.37, SEM = .79) were significantly associated [semipartial coefficient (sr) = −.32, p = .005] with lower pain intensity ratings”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Behavioral Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and deactivation of the PCC/precuneus, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and mPFC”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet, the dPCC, not the vPCC, was inversely associated with trait mindfulness.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Higher dispositional mindfulness scores were significantly associated (sr = −.32, p = .005) with lower pain unpleasantness ratings (Figure 1b) when controlling for age and sex”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Behavioral Findings
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a trend towards significance in the relationship between dPCC activation and pain intensity ratings (r = .20, p = .08) during heat series.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > RESULTS > Neuroimaging Findings
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Higher trait mindfulness ratings were significantly associated with lower pain sensitivity and greater deactivation of the posterior, midline nodes of the default mode network.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These novel findings demonstrate that meditation naïve individuals exhibiting higher levels of trait mindfulness feel less pain in response to frankly noxious stimulation and evoke greater deactivation of brain regions supporting internal and external engagement of attention and corresponding affective appraisals to arising sensory events”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The dPCC has a high metabolic rate [61], exhibits high CBF values relative to all other brain regions [52]”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [61] Raichle ME, MacLeod AM, Snyder AZ, Powers WJ, Gusnard DA, Shulman GL. A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001; 98(2): 676– 682. 11209064 PMC14647 source
- Not checked yetcites [52] Pfefferbaum A, Chanraud S, Pitel AL, Muller–Oehring E, Shankaranarayanan A, Alsop DC, Rohlfing T, Sullivan EV. Cerebral blood flow in posterior cortical nodes of the default mode network decreases with task engagement but remains higher than in most brain regions. Cerebral cortex 2011; 21(1): 233– 244. 20484322 PMC3000573 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The mindfulness inventory (FMI) used in this study was designed to measure trait mindfulness, as characterized by the day to day ability to experience sensations and emotions without reaction [75].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [75] Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmuller V, Kleinknecht N, Schmidt S. Measuring mindfulness—the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and individual differences 2006; 40: 1543– 1555. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The present evidence suggest that highly mindful individuals may be more resilient to pain–related ruminations [43; 44; 60; 81] and potentially less likely to magnify evaluations that normally impart significance to salient sensory events”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [43] Mrazek MD, Franklin MS, Phillips DT, Baird B, Schooler JW. Mindfulness training improves working memory capacity and GRE performance while reducing mind wandering. Psychological science 2013; 24(5): 776– 781. 23538911 source
- Not checked yetcites [44] Mrazek MD, Smallwood J, Schooler JW. Mindfulness and mind–wandering: finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion 2012; 12(3): 442– 448. 22309719 source
- Not checked yetcites [60] Rahl HA, Lindsay EK, Pacilio LE, Brown KW, Creswell JD. Brief mindfulness meditation training reduces mind wandering: The critical role of acceptance. Emotion 2017; 17(2): 224– 230. 27819445 PMC5329004 source
- Not checked yetcites [81] Xu M, Purdon C, Seli P, Smilek D. Mindfulness and mind wandering: The protective effects of brief meditation in anxious individuals. Consciousness and cognition 2017; 51: 157– 165. 28376373 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The FMI is a psychometrically valid instrument that exhibited high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.86) in this study and previous work [75].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Dispositional Mindfulness Assessment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [75] Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmuller V, Kleinknecht N, Schmidt S. Measuring mindfulness—the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and individual differences 2006; 40: 1543– 1555. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In fact, mindful individuals exhibit an increased tendency to experience pleasure [72], reduced pain catastrophizing [13; 51; 63], and recover from stress more effectively than non mindful individuals [11].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [72] Thomas EA, Garland EL. Mindfulness is Associated With Increased Hedonic Capacity Among Chronic Pain Patients Receiving Extended Opioid Pharmacotherapy. The Clinical journal of pain 2017; 33(2): 166– 173. 28060783 PMC5235319 source
- Not checked yetcites [13] Day MA, Smitherman A, Ward LC, Thorn BE. An investigation of the associations between measures of mindfulness and pain catastrophizing. The Clinical journal of pain 2015; 31(3): 222– 228. 24699159 source
- Not checked yetcites [51] Petter M, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, Dick BD. The role of trait mindfulness in the pain experience of adolescents. The journal of pain: official journal of the American Pain Society 2013; 14(12): 1709– 1718. 24290451 source
- Not checked yetcites [63] Schutze R, Rees C, Preece M, Schutze M. Low mindfulness predicts pain catastrophizing in a fear–avoidance model of chronic pain. Pain 2010; 148(1): 120– 127. 19944534 source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Daubenmier J, Hayden D, Chang V, Epel E. It’s not what you think, it’s how you relate to it: dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between psychological distress and the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 48: 11– 18. 24971591 PMC4503930 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“and is anatomically and functionally hetereogeous [37; 74].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] Leech R, Kamourieh S, Beckmann CF, Sharp DJ. Fractionating the default mode network: distinct contributions of the ventral and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex to cognitive control. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2011; 31(9): 3217– 3224. 21368033 PMC6623935 source
- Not checked yetcites [74] Vogt BA, Vogt L, Laureys S. Cytology and functionally correlated circuits of human posterior cingulate areas. NeuroImage 2006; 29(2): 452– 466. 16140550 PMC2649771 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is also associated with monitoring and signaling affective changes in the sensory environment and allocating attentional resources to address said environmental alterations [29; 36; 37].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [29] Heilbronner SR, Platt ML. Causal evidence of performance monitoring by neurons in posterior cingulate cortex during learning. Neuron 2013; 80(6): 1384– 1391. 24360542 PMC3892695 source
- Not checked yetcites [36] Leech R, Braga R, Sharp DJ. Echoes of the brain within the posterior cingulate cortex. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012; 32(1): 215– 222. 22219283 PMC6621313 source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Leech R, Kamourieh S, Beckmann CF, Sharp DJ. Fractionating the default mode network: distinct contributions of the ventral and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex to cognitive control. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2011; 31(9): 3217– 3224. 21368033 PMC6623935 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory short form (FMI) is a 14–item assessment designed to assess dispositional mindfulness because it’s validity is not predicated upon prior meditative experience, does not require experience with Buddhism or meditation, and has been utilized as a validated measure of trait mindfulness [48; 75; 91].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Dispositional Mindfulness Assessment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] Ouwens MA, Schiffer AA, Visser LI, Raeijmaekers NJ, Nyklicek I. Mindfulness and eating behaviour styles in morbidly obese males and females. Appetite 2015; 87: 62– 67. 25478687 source
- Not checked yetcites [75] Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmuller V, Kleinknecht N, Schmidt S. Measuring mindfulness—the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and individual differences 2006; 40: 1543– 1555. source
- Not checked yetcites [91] Zhang J, Wu C. The influence of dispositional mindfulness on safety behaviors: a dual process perspective. Accident; analysis and prevention 2014; 70: 24– 32. 24686163 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In two separate regression analyses, pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings were entered as the dependent variable, respectively while controlling for age and sex.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Analysis of Behavioral Data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Individuals with low dispositional mindfulness exhibited higher pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings, suggesting that they have heightened attentional sensitivity and affective engagement to noxious stimuli [36].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Leech R, Braga R, Sharp DJ. Echoes of the brain within the posterior cingulate cortex. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012; 32(1): 215– 222. 22219283 PMC6621313 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While non–mindful individuals may be more likely to “get caught up” [5] in pain, individuals higher in trait mindfulness may have a greater ability to decouple noxious sensory discriminations from affective appraisals [90].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Brewer JA, Garrison KA. The posterior cingulate cortex as a plausible mechanistic target of meditation: findings from neuroimaging. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2013. 24033438 source
- Not checked yetcites [90] Zeidan F, Vago DR. Mindfulness meditation–based pain relief: a mechanistic account. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2016; 1373(1): 114– 127. 27398643 PMC4941786
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The dPCC has also been repeatedly implicated in processing the sense of self [26; 76] because it is anatomically organized and connected to five functional subsystems including attentional, motor, sensory, salience, and DMN [27; 36; 38] and facilitates broad attentional monitoring and affective reactions to initiate behavior change [37; 52].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Guterstam A, Bjornsdotter M, Gentile G, Ehrsson HH. Posterior cingulate cortex integrates the senses of self–location and body ownership. Current biology: CB 2015; 25(11): 1416– 1425. 25936550 source
- Not checked yetcites [76] Whitfield–Gabrieli S, Moran JM, Nieto–Castanon A, Triantafyllou C, Saxe R, Gabrieli JD. Associations and dissociations between default and self–reference networks in the human brain. NeuroImage 2011; 55(1): 225– 232. 21111832 source
- Not checked yetcites [27] Hagmann P, Cammoun L, Gigandet X, Meuli R, Honey CJ, Wedeen VJ, Sporns O. Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex. PLoS biology 2008; 6(7): e159. 18597554 PMC2443193 source
- Not checked yetcites [36] Leech R, Braga R, Sharp DJ. Echoes of the brain within the posterior cingulate cortex. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012; 32(1): 215– 222. 22219283 PMC6621313 source
- Not checked yetcites [38] Leech R, Sharp DJ. The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease. Brain: a journal of neurology 2014; 137(Pt 1): 12– 32. 23869106 PMC3891440 source
- Not checked yetcites [37] Leech R, Kamourieh S, Beckmann CF, Sharp DJ. Fractionating the default mode network: distinct contributions of the ventral and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex to cognitive control. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2011; 31(9): 3217– 3224. 21368033 PMC6623935 source
- Not checked yetcites [52] Pfefferbaum A, Chanraud S, Pitel AL, Muller–Oehring E, Shankaranarayanan A, Alsop DC, Rohlfing T, Sullivan EV. Cerebral blood flow in posterior cortical nodes of the default mode network decreases with task engagement but remains higher than in most brain regions. Cerebral cortex 2011; 21(1): 233– 244. 20484322 PMC3000573 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is possible that a more conservative multiple comparison threshold would lower family wise error rates (FWE) [16].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Eklund A, Nichols TE, Knutsson H. Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false–positive rates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2016; 113(28): 7900– 7905. 27357684 PMC4948312 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Recent work has shown that chronic pain and alcohol dependent patients exhibiting low levels of trait mindfulness have a greater proclivity to misuse opioids and alcohol during treatment and crave alcohol/opioids during recovery, respectively [20–22].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Garland EL. Trait Mindfulness Predicts Attentional and Autonomic Regulation of Alcohol Cue–Reactivity. Journal of psychophysiology 2011; 25(4): 180– 189. 23976814 PMC3748643 source
- Not checked yetcites [21] Garland EL, Hanley AW, Thomas EA, Knoll P, Ferraro J. Low dispositional mindfulness predicts self–medication of negative emotion with prescription opioids. Journal of addiction medicine 2015; 9(1): 61– 67. 25469652 PMC4310788 source
- Not checked yetcites [22] Garland EL, Roberts–Lewis A, Kelley K, Tronnier C, Hanley A. Cognitive and affective mechanisms linking trait mindfulness to craving among individuals in addiction recovery. Substance use & misuse 2014; 49(5): 525– 535. 24611848 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“T/F statistic images were Gaussianized and thresholded using clusters determined by a z > 2.3. Corrected cluster significance threshold was set at p < 0.05 [80]. This procedure ensures that the probability of false positive findings is corrected for multiple comparisons across all brain voxels [79].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Analysis of Neuroimaging Data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [80] Worsley KJ, Evans AC, Marrett S, Neelin P. A three–dimensional statistical analysis for CBF activation studies in human brain. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism: official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 1992; 12(6): 900– 918. 1400644 source
- Not matchedcites [79] Worsley KJ. Statistical analysis of activation images In: Jezzard P, Matthews PM, Smith SM (eds). Functional MRI: An Introduction to Methods. Oxford University Press Inc. New York, New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 2001.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“CBF images exhibiting low (≤ 20ml/100g tissue/min) global/regional CBF values were subsequently characterized as anomalous [83]. In sum, nine subjects exhibited artifacts and/or anomalous CBF and their data were subsequently removed”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Analysis of Neuroimaging Data
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [83] Zeidan F, Emerson NM, Farris SR, Ray JN, Jung Y, McHaffie JG, Coghill RC. Mindfulness Meditation–Based Pain Relief Employs Different Neural Mechanisms Than Placebo and Sham Mindfulness Meditation–Induced Analgesia. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2015; 35(46): 15307– 15325. 26586819 PMC4649004 source
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The dPCC is significantly integrated with other neural networks and has multiple, significant roles in facilitating internally directed attention and sensory awareness [28; 38].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Hampson M, Driesen NR, Skudlarski P, Gore JC, Constable RT. Brain connectivity related to working memory performance. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2006; 26(51): 13338– 13343. 17182784 PMC2677699 source
- Not checked yetcites [38] Leech R, Sharp DJ. The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease. Brain: a journal of neurology 2014; 137(Pt 1): 12– 32. 23869106 PMC3891440 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nine subjects were excluded from the final analysis due to MRI–related artifacts (defined below in the CBF Artifact Detection Procedures section). Thus, a total of 76 participants (mean age = 27 ± 5; age range 22–52 years; 40 females) are included in this study.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Participants
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Together, these approaches are associated with significantly lower FWE rates [15; 18; 45].”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > DISCUSSION > Greater dPCC activity is associated with lower trait mindfulness and higher pain unpleasantness ratings
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Detre JA, Wang J. Technical aspects and utility of fMRI using BOLD and ASL. Clinical neurophysiology: official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 2002; 113(5): 621– 634. 11976042 source
- Not checked yetcites [18] Flandin G, Friston KJ. Analysis of family–wise error rates in statistical parametric mapping using random field theory. Human brain mapping 2017. PMC6585687 29091338
- Not checked yetcites [45] Mueller K, Lepsien J, Moller HE, Lohmann G. Commentary: Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false–positive rates. Frontiers in human neuroscience 2017; 11: 345. 28701944 PMC5487467 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The neural mechanisms that support the link between dispositional mindfulness and pain are not known.
“However, the neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain are unknown.”
“Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting dispositional mindfulness are unknown.”
The paper relies on this without support.
It is not established whether individual differences in trait mindfulness covary with pain sensitivity in meditation-naïve people.
“Yet, we have not identified if inter–individual differences in trait mindfulness co–vary with pain sensitivity in meditation naïve individuals and the brain mechanisms supporting the hypothesized relationship between trait mindfulness and pain.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recent theoretical developments and empirical research suggest that more mindful people may feel less pain [59]”
From Mindfulness and physical disease: a concise review (2019) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Zeidan et al.142 used perfusion-based arterial spin labeling (ASL) fMRI to determine the significant relationship between higher dispositional mindfulness (as measured by the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory) and lower pain ratings in response to noxious heat (49°C).142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Specifically, greater deactivation of the dorsal PCC and precuneus was associated with higher trait mindfulness, and greater activation of the dorsal PCC during noxious heat was associated with higher pain reports during noxious heat (Fig. 1).142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Taken together, these 2 studies provide unique mechanistic insight that trait mindfulness is associated with lower pain and lower PCC/precuneus processing, suggesting that trait mindfulness is associated with a lower propensity to ruminate on65 and personalize4 the appraisal of arising noxious sensory events.142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“As hypothesized, higher trait mindfulness was associated with greater deactivation of the posterior, midline nodes of the so-called default mode network.”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Taken together, these 2 studies provide unique mechanistic insight that trait mindfulness is associated with lower pain and lower PCC/precuneus processing, suggesting that trait mindfulness is associated with a lower propensity to ruminate on65 and personalize4 the appraisal of arising noxious sensory events.142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, individuals who exhibit higher trait mindfulness may have a greater ability to decouple noxious sensory discriminations from affective appraisals.142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
In the citing paper
“Specifically, greater deactivation of the dorsal PCC and precuneus was associated with higher trait mindfulness, and greater activation of the dorsal PCC during noxious heat was associated with higher pain reports during noxious heat (Fig. 1).142”
From The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer (2019) · cites this paper as [142]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Study Design
“a 4min and 24s series of alternating 49°C (12s plateau) and 35°C (12s plateau) stimulation to the back of the left calf, identical to the “heat” paradigm used in subsequent MRI experimental sessions.”
§ Neural mechanisms supporting the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and pain > METHODS > Study Design
“The heat series included ten, 12 second plateaus of 49°C interleaved between eleven, 8 second periods of 35°C stimulation [83].”
Citations
Cites
Desikan, R. S., Ségonne, F., Fischl, B., Quinn, B. T., Dickerson, B. C., Blacker, D., Buckner, R. L., Dale, A. M., Maguire, R. P., Hyman, B. T., et al. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021 · Cited by 13,324 · cited 1×
“Region of interest–based binary masks were generated around the significant thresholded clusters corresponding to our specific hypotheses using the Harvard–Oxford Probabilistic Atlas (defined as contiguous voxels with$50% probability of being labeled as the PCC).(14,55) We then calculated (FSL’s fslstats command) each…”
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190
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“First, wholebrain and ROI binary masks were created and registered to each individual’s anatomical space.(25,30,31) Region of interest–based binary masks were generated around the significant thresholded clusters corresponding to our specific hypotheses using the Harvard–Oxford Probabilistic Atlas (defined as contiguo…”
Fast robust automated brain extraction
Smith, S. M. (2002) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.10062 · Cited by 10,496
A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images
Jenkinson, M., & Smith, S. M. (2001) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/s1361-8415(01)00036-6 · Cited by 7,018 · cited 1×
“First, wholebrain and ROI binary masks were created and registered to each individual’s anatomical space.(25,30,31) Region of interest–based binary masks were generated around the significant thresholded clusters corresponding to our specific hypotheses using the Harvard–Oxford Probabilistic Atlas (defined as contiguo…”
Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex
Hagmann, P., Cammoun, L., Gigandet, X., Meuli, R., Honey, C. J., Wedeen, V. J., & Sporns, O. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060159 · Cited by 4,173
Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration
Greve, D. N., & Fischl, B. R. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060 · Cited by 3,553 · cited 1×
“First, wholebrain and ROI binary masks were created and registered to each individual’s anatomical space.(25,30,31) Region of interest–based binary masks were generated around the significant thresholded clusters corresponding to our specific hypotheses using the Harvard–Oxford Probabilistic Atlas (defined as contiguo…”
Cluster failure: why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates
Eklund, A., Nichols, T. E., & Knutsson, H. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1602413113 · Cited by 3,487 · cited 1×
“It is possible that a more conservative multiple comparison threshold would lower family-wise error (FWE) rates.(16) However, the results from this study may be less susceptible to inflated FWE rates because we used perfusionbased fMRI, FSL’s conservative FMRIB’s Local Analysis of Mixed Effects (FLAME 1 1 2) Bayesian…”
Temporal Autocorrelation in Univariate Linear Modeling of FMRI Data
Woolrich, M. W., Ripley, B. D., Brady, M., & Smith, S. M. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0931 · Cited by 2,859 · cited 1×
“Statistical analysis of regional signal changes was performed on 4D concatenated CBF data (first-level analyses) using a fixedeffects general linear modeling approach.(78) Random-effects analyses were used to assess activation across individuals.”
Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought
Mason, M. F., Norton, M. I., Van Horn, J. D., Wegner, D. M., Grafton, S. T., & Macrae, C. N. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1131295 · Cited by 2,792 · cited 2×
“Furthermore, mindfulness-induced PCC alterations are associatedwith lower anxiety(89) and inflammatory IL6 circulation(10) corresponding to a decrease in self-referential cognitive distortions.(41) Yet, we have not identified whether interindividual differences in trait mindfulness covary with pain sensitivity in medi…”
Functional-anatomic fractionation of the brain’s default network
Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Reidler, J. S., Sepulcre, J., Poulin, R., & Buckner, R. L. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.005 · Cited by 2,767 · cited 1×
“These novel findings demonstrate that meditation-naive individuals exhibiting higher levels of trait mindfulness feel less pain in response to frankly noxious stimulation and evoke greater deactivation of brain regions supporting internal and external engagement of attention and corresponding affective appraisals to a…”
The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease
Leech, R., & Sharp, D. J. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt162 · Cited by 2,247 · cited 1×
“The dPCC is significantly integrated with other neural networks and has multiple significant roles in facilitating internally directed attention and sensory awareness.(28,38) It is also associated with monitoring and signaling affective changes in the sensory environment and allocating attentional resources to address…”
A three-dimensional statistical analysis for CBF activation studies in human brain
Worsley, K. J., Evans, A. C., Marrett, S., & Neelin, P. (1992) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1992.127 · Cited by 2,036 · cited 1×
“05.(80) This procedure ensures that the probability of false-positive findings is corrected for multiple comparisons across all brain voxels.”
Valid conjunction inference with the minimum statistic
Nichols, T. E., Brett, M., Andersson, J., Wager, T. D., & Poline, J. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.005 · Cited by 1,854
Measuring mindfulness—The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.025 · Cited by 1,475 · cited 4×
“86) in this study and previous work.(75) Higher scores indicate higher mindfulness.”
InfluentialBrewer, J. A., Worhunsky, P. D., Gray, J. R., Tang, Y.-Y., Weber, J., & Kober, H. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1112029108 · Cited by 1,409 · cited 1×
“Similarly, converging lines of evidence demonstrate a robust association between greater meditation experience and stabilized, neuroplastic-induced deactivation of the PCC.(6,70) Thus, the relationship between PCC deactivation and trait mindfulness likely reflects a broader characterization of mindfulness-based cognit…”
Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: evidence of brief mental training
Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., David, Z., & Goolkasian, P. (2010) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.03.014 · Cited by 1,363
Self-citationPrice, D. D., Bush, F. M., Long, S., & Harkins, S. W. (1994) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)90097-3 · Cited by 1,174 · cited 1×
“As described previously,(8,82) pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings were assessed using a 15-cm plastic sliding visual analogue scale (VAS).(57) Operational distinctions between pain intensity and unpleasantness are delineated in greater detail in our previous study.”
Mrazek, M. D., Franklin, M. S., Phillips, D. T., Baird, B., & Schooler, J. W. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612459659 · Cited by 1,063
Spreng, R. N., & Grady, C. L. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21282 · Cited by 985 · cited 1×
“temporal cortices) and is associated with facilitating self-referential processes.(12,39,54,68) The PCC is the central node of the DMN and”
Brain connectivity related to working memory performance
Hampson, M., Driesen, N. R., Skudlarski, P., Gore, J. C., & Constable, R. T. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3408-06.2006 · Cited by 853 · cited 1×
“The dPCC is significantly integrated with other neural networks and has multiple significant roles in facilitating internally directed attention and sensory awareness.(28,38) It is also associated with monitoring and signaling affective changes in the sensory environment and allocating attentional resources to address…”
Region of interest analysis for fMRI
Poldrack, R. A. (2007) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsm006 · Cited by 814 · cited 1×
“Region of interest–based binary masks were generated around the significant thresholded clusters corresponding to our specific hypotheses using the Harvard–Oxford Probabilistic Atlas (defined as contiguous voxels with$50% probability of being labeled as the PCC).(14,55) We then calculated (FSL’s fslstats command) each…”
Leech, R., Kamourieh, S., Beckmann, C. F., & Sharp, D. J. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5626-10.2011 · Cited by 759 · cited 4×
“hetereogeous.(37,74) The dPCC is significantly integrated with other neural networks and has multiple significant roles in facilitating internally directed attention and sensory awareness.”
InfluentialThe subjective experience of pain: where expectations become reality
Koyama, T., McHaffie, J. G., Laurienti, P. J., & Coghill, R. C. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408576102 · Cited by 747 · cited 1×
“We postulate that future pain studies may consider including trait mindfulness measures as covariates of interindividual variability due to the potential influence of mindfulness on the constellation of interactions between sensory, cognitive, and affective factors that impact the subjective experience of pain.(8,33,4…”
Self-citationBrain Mechanisms Supporting the Modulation of Pain by Mindfulness Meditation
Zeidan, F., Martucci, K. T., Kraft, R. A., Gordon, N. S., McHaffie, J. G., & Coghill, R. C. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5791-10.2011 · Cited by 640 · cited 1×
“The present evidence suggest that highly mindful individuals may be more resilient to pain-related ruminations(43,44,60,81) and potentially less likely to magnify evaluations that normally impart significance to salient sensory events, mechanisms also associated with mindfulness meditation–induced anxiety(89) and pain…”
Self-citationNeural correlates of interindividual differences in the subjective experience of pain
Coghill, R. C., McHaffie, J. G., & Yen, Y.-F. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1430684100 · Cited by 601 · cited 2×
“We postulate that future pain studies may consider including trait mindfulness measures as covariates of interindividual variability due to the potential influence of mindfulness on the constellation of interactions between sensory, cognitive, and affective factors that impact the subjective experience of pain.(8,33,4…”
Self-citationMindfulness and mind-wandering: finding convergence through opposing constructs
Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0026678 · Cited by 600
Echoes of the brain within the posterior cingulate cortex
Leech, R., Braga, R., & Sharp, D. J. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3689-11.2012 · Cited by 595 · cited 3×
“It is also associated with monitoring and signaling affective changes in the sensory environment and allocating attentional resources to address said environmental alterations.(29,36,37) These characterizations are remarkably fitting with respect to the present findings.”
Mapping the self in the brain's default mode network
Davey, C. G., Pujol, J., & Harrison, B. J. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.022 · Cited by 559 · cited 1×
“temporal cortices) and is associated with facilitating self-referential processes.(12,39,54,68) The PCC is the central node of the DMN and”
Baseline brain activity fluctuations predict somatosensory perception in humans
Boly, M., Balteau, E., Schnakers, C., Degueldre, C., Moonen, G., Luxen, A., Phillips, C., Peigneux, P., Maquet, P., & Laureys, S. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0611404104 · Cited by 529 · cited 1×
“Interindividual differences in pain sensitivity are also shaped by fluctuating shifts in attention between nociceptivedriven salience and self-referential processes.(4,53,77) Resting brain states can reliably predict whether individuals will report magnified sensory and affective responses or whether they can effectiv…”
Cytology and functionally correlated circuits of human posterior cingulate areas
Vogt, B. A., Vogt, L., & Laureys, S. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.07.048 · Cited by 484 · cited 1×
“hetereogeous.(37,74) The dPCC is significantly integrated with other neural networks and has multiple significant roles in facilitating internally directed attention and sensory awareness.”
Anterior insula integrates information about salience into perceptual decisions about pain
Wiech, K., Lin, C.-S., Brodersen, K. H., Bingel, U., Ploner, M., & Tracey, I. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2087-10.2010 · Cited by 470 · cited 1×
“Interindividual differences in pain sensitivity are also shaped by fluctuating shifts in attention between nociceptivedriven salience and self-referential processes.(4,53,77) Resting brain states can reliably predict whether individuals will report magnified sensory and affective responses or whether they can effectiv…”
Mind wandering away from pain dynamically engages antinociceptive and default mode brain networks
Kucyi, A., Salomons, T. V., & Davis, K. D. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1312902110 · Cited by 427 · cited 2×
“Resting brain states can reliably predict whether individuals will report magnified sensory and affective responses or whether they can effectively cope with real-time pain.(34,35) Furthermore, individuals with a greater propensity to decouple affective appraisals from sensory discriminative processes report less pain.”
Self-citationSensory-affective relationships among different types of clinical and experimental pain
Price, D. D., Harkins, S. W., & Baker, C. (1987) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)90065-0 · Cited by 396 · cited 1×
“It is then fitting that the association between the dPCC, precuneus, and trait mindfulness was associated with the affective dimension, in contrast to the sensory aspect, of selfreported pain.(58) Furthermore, there was significant overlap PCC and precuneus between pain and FMI-related deactivation during painful heat.”
Kucyi, A., Moayedi, M., Weissman-Fogel, I., Goldberg, M. B., Freeman, B. V., Tenenbaum, H. C., & Davis, K. D. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5055-13.2014 · Cited by 396 · cited 2×
“Resting brain states can reliably predict whether individuals will report magnified sensory and affective responses or whether they can effectively cope with real-time pain.(34,35) Furthermore, individuals with a greater propensity to decouple affective appraisals from sensory discriminative processes report less pain.”
Associations and dissociations between default and self-reference networks in the human brain
Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Moran, J. M., Nieto-Castañón, A., Triantafyllou, C., Saxe, R., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.048 · Cited by 394
Zeidan, F., Emerson, N. M., Farris, S. R., Ray, J. N., Jung, Y., McHaffie, J. G., & Coghill, R. C. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2542-15.2015 · Cited by 369 · cited 5×
“The present evidence suggest that highly mindful individuals may be more resilient to pain-related ruminations(43,44,60,81) and potentially less likely to magnify evaluations that normally impart significance to salient sensory events, mechanisms also associated with mindfulness meditation–induced anxiety(89) and pain…”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe effects of brief mindfulness meditation training on experimentally induced pain
Zeidan, F., Gordon, N. S., Merchant, J., & Goolkasian, P. (2010) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.07.015 · Cited by 364
Self-citationTaylor, V. A., Grant, J., Daneault, V., Scavone, G., Breton, E., Roffe-Vidal, S., Courtemanche, J., Lavarenne, A. S., & Beauregard, M. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.001 · Cited by 362
Effects of Brief and Sham Mindfulness Meditation on Mood and Cardiovascular Variables
Zeidan, F., Johnson, S. K., Gordon, N. S., & Goolkasian, P. (2010) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0321 · Cited by 319
Self-citationPrestimulus functional connectivity determines pain perception in humans
Ploner, M., Lee, M., Wiech, K., Bingel, U., & Tracey, I. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0906186106 · Cited by 311 · cited 1×
“Interindividual differences in pain sensitivity are also shaped by fluctuating shifts in attention between nociceptivedriven salience and self-referential processes.(4,53,77) Resting brain states can reliably predict whether individuals will report magnified sensory and affective responses or whether they can effectiv…”
Impact of meditation training on the default mode network during a restful state
Taylor, V. A., Daneault, V., Grant, J., Scavone, G., Breton, E., Roffe-Vidal, S., Courtemanche, J., Lavarenne, A. S., Marrelec, G., Benali, H., et al. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr087 · Cited by 307 · cited 1×
“Similarly, converging lines of evidence demonstrate a robust association between greater meditation experience and stabilized, neuroplastic-induced deactivation of the PCC.(6,70) Thus, the relationship between PCC deactivation and trait mindfulness likely reflects a broader characterization of mindfulness-based cognit…”
Trait mindfulness modulates neuroendocrine and affective responses to social evaluative threat
Brown, K. W., Weinstein, N., & Creswell, J. D. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.003 · Cited by 302
Mindfulness meditation-based pain relief: a mechanistic account
Zeidan, F., & Vago, D. R. (2016) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13153 · Cited by 300 · cited 1×
“While nonmindful individuals may be more likely to “get caught up”(5) in pain, individuals higher in trait mindfulness may have a greater ability to decouple noxious sensory discriminations from affective appraisals.(90) In fact, mindful individuals exhibit an increased tendency to experience pleasure,(72) reduced pai…”
Self-citationCreswell, J. D., Taren, A. A., Lindsay, E. K., Greco, C. M., Gianaros, P. J., Fairgrieve, A., Marsland, A. L., Brown, K. W., Way, B. M., Rosen, R. K., et al. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.008 · Cited by 299
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“Furthermore, individuals with a greater propensity to decouple affective appraisals from sensory discriminative processes report less pain.(24) Interestingly, mindfulness meditation, a technique premised on sustaining nonreactive awareness to the present moment, reduces pain through a nonevaluative attentional stance…”
Meditation leads to reduced default mode network activity beyond an active task
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Technical aspects and utility of fMRI using BOLD and ASL
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“Together, these approaches are associated with significantly lower FWE rates.(15,18,45) We postulate that future pain studies may consider including trait mindfulness measures as covariates of interindividual variability due to the potential influence of mindfulness on the constellation of interactions between sensory…”
McCracken, L. M., Gauntlett-Gilbert, J., & Vowles, K. E. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.12.013 · Cited by 290 · cited 1×
“during pain and, (3) report lower pain across a number of chronic pain populations.(42,51,63) However, the neural mechanisms”
Zeidan, F., Grant, J. A., Brown, C. A., McHaffie, J. G., & Coghill, R. C. (2012) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.082 · Cited by 284
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Low mindfulness predicts pain catastrophizing in a fear-avoidance model of chronic pain
Schütze, R., Rees, C., Preece, M., & Schütze, M. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.10.030 · Cited by 248
Dixon, L. C. W., & Maine, R. E. (1975) · Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control · doi:10.1115/1.3426911 · Cited by 243
Analysis of family‐wise error rates in statistical parametric mapping using random field theory
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“Together, these approaches are associated with significantly lower FWE rates.(15,18,45) We postulate that future pain studies may consider including trait mindfulness measures as covariates of interindividual variability due to the potential influence of mindfulness on the constellation of interactions between sensory…”
Posterior cingulate cortex integrates the senses of self-location and body ownership
Guterstam, A., Björnsdotter, M., Gentile, G., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.059 · Cited by 220
Neural correlates of mindfulness meditation-related anxiety relief
Zeidan, F., Martucci, K. T., Kraft, R. A., McHaffie, J. G., & Coghill, R. C. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst041 · Cited by 196
Self-citationThe role of the default mode network in component processes underlying the wandering mind
Poerio, G. L., Sormaz, M., Wang, H.-T., Margulies, D. S., Jefferies, E., & Smallwood, J. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx041 · Cited by 195 · cited 1×
“temporal cortices) and is associated with facilitating self-referential processes.(12,39,54,68) The PCC is the central node of the DMN and”
Psychological and neural mechanisms of trait mindfulness in reducing depression vulnerability
Paul, N. A., Stanton, S. J., Greeson, J. M., Smoski, M. J., & Wang, L. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss070 · Cited by 193
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“These novel findings demonstrate that meditation-naive individuals exhibiting higher levels of trait mindfulness feel less pain in response to frankly noxious stimulation and evoke greater deactivation of brain regions supporting internal and external engagement of attention and corresponding affective appraisals to a…”
Pain enhances functional connectivity of a brain network evoked by performance of a cognitive task
Seminowicz, D. A., & Davis, K. D. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01210.2006 · Cited by 179 · cited 1×
“This study shows that mindful individuals are less sensitive to pain and exhibit significantly lower activation in the precuneus/ dPCC, central nodes of self-referential,(12,61) and nociceptive processing.(17,64) It is possible that a more conservative multiple comparison threshold would lower family-wise error (FWE)…”
Brief mindfulness meditation training reduces mind wandering: the critical role of acceptance
Rahl, H. A., Lindsay, E. K., Pacilio, L. E., Brown, K. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000250 · Cited by 169
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Brain Mechanisms Supporting Discrimination of Sensory Features of Pain: A New Model
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“We postulate that future pain studies may consider including trait mindfulness measures as covariates of interindividual variability due to the potential influence of mindfulness on the constellation of interactions between sensory, cognitive, and affective factors that impact the subjective experience of pain.(8,33,4…”
Self-citationMindfulness-meditation-based pain relief is not mediated by endogenous opioids
Zeidan, F., Adler-Neal, A. L., Wells, R. E., Stagnaro, E., May, L. M., Eisenach, J. C., McHaffie, J. G., & Coghill, R. C. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4328-15.2016 · Cited by 132
Self-citationPain sensitivity is inversely related to regional grey matter density in the brain
Emerson, N. M., Zeidan, F., Lobanov, O. V., Hadsel, M. S., Martucci, K. T., Quevedo, A. S., Starr, C. J., Nahman-Averbuch, H., Weissman-Fogel, I., Granovsky, Y., et al. (2014) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.004 · Cited by 121 · cited 2×
“This study shows that mindful individuals are less sensitive to pain and exhibit significantly lower activation in the precuneus/ dPCC, central nodes of self-referential,(12,61) and nociceptive processing.(17,64) It is possible that a more conservative multiple comparison threshold would lower family-wise error (FWE)…”
Self-citationReduced functional coupling in the default-mode network during self-referential processing
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“That is, the precuneus/PCC are implicated in processing self-referential and ruminative cognitions.(41,73) The present evidence suggest that highly mindful individuals may be more resilient to pain-related ruminations(43,44,60,81) and potentially less likely to magnify evaluations that normally impart significance to…”
Zeidan, F., Baumgartner, J. N., & Coghill, R. C. (2019) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000759 · Cited by 115
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“The dPCC has also been repeatedly implicated in processing the sense of self(26,76) because it is anatomically organized and connected to 5 functional subsystems including attentional, motor, sensory, salience, and DMN,(27,36,38) and facilitates broad attentional monitoring and affective reactions to initiate behavior…”
Mindfulness and mind wandering: the protective effects of brief meditation in anxious individuals
Xu, M., Purdon, C., Seli, P., & Smilek, D. (2017) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.03.009 · Cited by 92
The influence of dispositional mindfulness on safety behaviors: A dual process perspective
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“The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) short form is a 14-item assessment designed to assess dispositional mindfulness because its validity is not predicated on previous meditative experience, it does not require experience with Buddhism or meditation, and it has been used as a validated measure of trait mindfulness…”
Tamagawa, R., Giese‐Davis, J., Speca, M., Doll, R., Stephen, J., & Carlson, L. E. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21939 · Cited by 86
Mindfulness disposition and default-mode network connectivity in older adults
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“A recent study revealed that lower trait mindfulness ratings, in older adults, were associated with weaker functional connectivity within the dPCC, possibly indicating higher dysfunctional cognitive and affective control processes.(65) The dPCC has also been repeatedly implicated in processing the sense of self(26,76)…”
Mindfulness and physical disease: a concise review
Greeson, J. M., & Chin, G. R. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.014 · Cited by 85
Extended self: spontaneous activation of medial prefrontal cortex by objects that are “mine”
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Trait mindfulness predicts attentional and autonomic regulation of alcohol cue-reactivity
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Martucci, K. T., Shirer, W. R., Bagarinao, E., Johnson, K. A., Farmer, M. A., Labus, J. S., Apkarian, A. V., DEUTSCH, G., Harris, R. E., Mayer, E. A., et al. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000238 · Cited by 73 · cited 1×
“has been characterized as a prominent mechanistic marker uniquely impacted by mindfulness(5,6,23,65,89) and pain.(17,34,35,40) Mindfulnessmeditation reduces PCC activation after brief(83,88) and Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed”
Global Cerebral Blood Flow Decreases during Pain
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“Trait mindfulness is defined as the innate propensity to be aware of the present moment in a nonreactive manner.(11) Long-”
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“exhibiting low levels of dispositional mindfulness have a higher susceptibility to ruminate(49) and catastrophize about pain.(59) By”
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“Together, these approaches are associated with significantly lower FWE rates.(15,18,45) We postulate that future pain studies may consider including trait mindfulness measures as covariates of interindividual variability due to the potential influence of mindfulness on the constellation of interactions between sensory…”
Mindfulness and eating behaviour styles in morbidly obese males and females
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The Role of Trait Mindfulness in the Pain Experience of Adolescents
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“during pain and, (3) report lower pain across a number of chronic pain populations.(42,51,63) However, the neural mechanisms”
Low dispositional mindfulness predicts self-medication of negative emotion with prescription opioids
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zeidan, F., Salomons, T., Farris, S. R., Emerson, N. M., Adler-Neal, A., Jung, Y., & Coghill, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- University of Reading (GB)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zeidan, Fadel
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2018-07-12
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2477-2485
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- 1872-6623
- PMC
- PMC6237620
- OpenAlex
- W2884372852
- Semantic Scholar
- 43bda9d5be188b0e5602bc9e06fa02007ca49894
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (L30 AT006838, F30AT009165, F32AT006949, R00AT008238, K99AT008238, R21AT007247, R01AT009693)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- trait mindfulness, pain sensitivity, pain unpleasantness, pain intensity, default mode network, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, noxious heat, placebo analgesia, individual differences, neural mechanisms of pain
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Pain, Psychophysics, Neural Networks, Computer, Pain Threshold, Young Adult, Pain Management, Visual Analog Scale, Mindfulness
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