The relationship between sleep disorders and testosterone
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review describes evolving concepts and recent data on the relationship between serum testosterone levels and normal and disordered sleep. RECENT FINDINGS: Sex-related differences in circadian rhythms and sleep physiology are in part due to organizational and activational effects of sex steroids. Testosterone affects the organization of circadian rhythms and the timing, but not the duration, of sleep. Increasing testosterone during puberty leads to later bedtimes. The diurnal variation in testosterone depends on sleep rather than circadian rhythm or season. Pubertal onset is heralded, well before virilization, by a luteinizing hormone level at least 3.7 U/l during sleep. Total sleep deprivation lowers testosterone, but sleep restriction only does so if it occurs in the first half of the night. The recovery of testosterone from sleep disruption is impaired in old as compared with young rodents. In men with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), low testosterone is related to obesity rather than the OSA itself, and improves with weight loss but inconsistently with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Testosterone treatment only transiently worsens severity of OSA, which need not be considered a contraindication to its use. SUMMARY: Testosterone treatment is unlikely to benefit sleep in men with secondary hypogonadism, for example due to obesity or depression, in contrast to the management of the underlying abnormality.
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OSA is frequently associated with low testosterone levels, but multiple additional mechanisms such as sleep fragmentation, shared cardiovascular risk factors, and obesity can explain symptoms such as sexual dysfunction or low energy.
“OSA is also frequently associated low testosterone levels, but multiple additional mechanisms such as sleep fragmentation, shared cardiovascular risk factors, and obesity can explain symptoms such as sexual dysfunction or low energy (36).”
From A Perspective on Middle-Aged and Older Men With Functional Hypogonadism: Focus on Holistic Management (2017) · cites this paper as [36]
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the first-line treatment of OSA, improves erectile dysfunction, fatigue, as well as quality of life.
“Indeed, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the first-line treatment of OSA, improves erectile dysfunction, fatigue, as well as quality of life (36).”
From A Perspective on Middle-Aged and Older Men With Functional Hypogonadism: Focus on Holistic Management (2017) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Wittert, G.
- Affiliations
- Royal Adelaide Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wittert, Gary
- ORCID
- Wittert, Gary
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 239-243
- ISSN
- 1752-296X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2314384893
- Semantic Scholar
- 8881b5c38629002f79e28050518cde028c5606ff
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ResMed Foundation
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- testosterone, sleep disorders, circadian rhythm, sex steroids, puberty, sleep timing, luteinizing hormone, sleep deprivation, sleep restriction, aging, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, continuous positive airway pressure, testosterone replacement therapy, secondary hypogonadism, depression
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Hypogonadism, Male, Sexual Maturation, Sleep Wake Disorders, Testosterone, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
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