Intestinal Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease with high prevalence in western countries. Progression from NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) occurs in 10-20%. NASH pathogenesis is multifactorial including genetic and environmental factors. The gut microbiota is involved in disease progression and its role is complex. RECENT FINDINGS: NASH is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota, although findings in recent studies are inconsistent. Dysbiosis can trigger intestinal inflammation and impair the gut barrier. Microbial products can now reach the liver, induce hepatic inflammation and contribute to NAFLD and NASH progression. As the gut microbiota is also involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, metabolomic approaches identified unique metabolomic profiles in patients with NASH. Altered metabolite patterns can serve as biomarkers, whereas specific metabolites (such as ethanol) have been linked with disease progression. Modifying metabolic profiles might serve as new therapeutic microbiome-based approaches. SUMMARY: In this review, we will highlight findings from the recent literature important to the gut-liver axis. We will predominantly focus on human studies with NASH.
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Disturbance of the gut-liver axis due to NAFLD-associated dysbiosis is an important extrahepatic source of inflammation in experimental models and human NAFLD cohorts.
“Disturbance of the gut-liver axis due to NAFLD-associated dysbiosis has also emerged as an important extrahepatic source of inflammation in both experimental models and human NAFLD cohorts (13).”
From Hepatic Stellate Cell-Immune Interactions in NASH (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Brandl, K., & Schnabl, B.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schnabl, Bernd
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 128-133
- ISSN
- 0267-1379 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5662009
- OpenAlex
- W2593189168
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01BX002213)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA020703, U01AA024726, U01AA021856)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, gut microbiota, gut dysbiosis, gut-liver axis, intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier, liver inflammation, metabolomics, metabolomic biomarkers, ethanol, microbiota-based therapy
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Disease Progression, Bacterial Translocation, Metabolomics, Dysbiosis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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