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The decision neuroscience perspective on suicidal behavior: evidence and hypotheses
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Suicide attempts are usually regretted by people who survive them. Furthermore, addiction and gambling are over-represented among people who attempt or die by suicide, raising the question whether their decision-making is impaired. Advances in decision neuroscience have enabled us to investigate decision processes in suicidal people and to elucidate putative neural substrates of disadvantageous decision-making. RECENT FINDINGS: Early studies have linked attempted suicide to poor performance on gambling tasks. More recently, functional MRI augmented with a reinforcement learning computational model revealed that impaired decision-making in suicide attempters is paralleled by disrupted expected value (expected reward) signals in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Behavioral studies have linked increased delay discounting to low-lethality/poorly planned attempts, multiple attempts, and the co-occurrence of attempted suicide and addiction. This behavioral tendency may be related to altered integrity of the basal ganglia. By contrast, well-planned, serious suicide attempts were associated with intact/diminished delay discounting. One study has linked high-lethality suicide attempts and impaired social decision-making. SUMMARY: This emerging literature supports the notion that various impairments in decision-making - often broadly related to impulsivity - may mark different pathways to suicide. We propose that aggressive and self-destructive responses to social stressors in people prone to suicide result from a predominance of automatic, Pavlovian processes over goal-directed computations.
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“For instance, depressed patients exhibit both hyposensitivity to rewards and oversensitivity to punishments 96,97 , attributed to alterations in mesolimbic prediction error signaling 97-99 , and may exhibit a constrained option space ('tunnel vision') during decision-making 100 .”
From Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model (2020) · cites this paper as [100]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dombrovski, A. Y., & Hallquist, M. N.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dombrovski, Alexandre Y.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Psychiatry
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-14
- ISSN
- 0951-7367 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5291285
- OpenAlex
- W2553902797
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH100095, K01MH097091, K23MH086620, R03MH090791, R01MH124092, R01MH085651)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- suicidal behavior, suicide attempts, decision-making impairment, impulsivity, delay discounting, gambling behavior, addiction, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, social decision-making, reinforcement learning
- MeSH terms
- Decision Making, Humans, Suicide, Attempted
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