Neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease: from molecular mechanisms to identification of drug targets
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Great progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease brains in the last two decades. In this review we summarize how neurons are degenerated in Alzheimer's disease brains and highlight the evidence of using kinases such as glycogen synthase kinase 3 and p70 S6 kinase and phosphatases such as protein phosphatase 2A as drug targets to prohibit the formation of neurofibrillary degeneration of Alzheimer's disease. RECENT FINDINGS: In general there are two types of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease brains: neurofibrillary formation and apoptosis. The microtubule-associated protein tau that stabilizes neuronal microtubules under normal physiological conditions is abnormally hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease brains, resulting in the generation of aberrant aggregates that are toxic to neurons. The processes of tau hyperphosphorylation and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles are caused by the imbalance of the activities of protein kinases and protein phosphatases in Alzheimer's disease brains. Recent findings from our and other groups have suggested glycogen synthase kinase 3 and p70 S6 kinase as main tau kinases and protein phosphatase 2A as the main tau phosphatase involved in the formation of these processes. Activities of these targets are implicated by Abeta peptide, the major component of another hallmark in Alzheimer's disease brains, senile plaques. SUMMARY: To prevent the clinical progression of neurodegeneration, a combination strategy is suggested to target both senile plaques with immunization and neurofibrillary tangles with drugs to prevent the synthesis and phosphorylation of tau.
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Both gain-of-toxic-function and loss-of-normal-function deleterious effects have been described for phospho-tau.
“Both gain-of-toxic-function and loss-of-normal-function deleterious effects also have been described for phospho-tau (84-89).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [86]
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- Authors
- Pei, J.-J., Sjögren, M., & Winblad, B.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Pei, Jin-Jing
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Psychiatry
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 555-561
- ISSN
- 0951-7367 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976618296
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Gun och Bertil Stohnes Stiftelse
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- neurofibrillary degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, tau hyperphosphorylation, tau kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3, p70 S6 kinase, protein phosphatase 2A, neurofibrillary tangles, apoptosis, amyloid-beta, amyloid plaques, therapeutic target, immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Nerve Degeneration, Phosphorylation, Neurofibrillary Tangles, tau Proteins, Point Mutation, Disease Progression
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