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A simple visual system without neurons in jellyfish larvae
Open accessAbstract
Earlier detailed studies of cnidarian planula larvae have revealed a simple nervous system but no eyes or identifiable light sensing structures. Here, we describe the planula of a box jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora, and report that these larvae have an extremely simple organization with no nervous system at all. Their only advanced feature is the presence of 10-15 pigment-cup ocelli, evenly spaced across the posterior half of the larval ectoderm. The ocelli are single cell structures containing a cup of screening pigment filled with presumably photosensory microvilli. These rhabdomeric photoreceptors have no neural connections to any other cells, but each has a well-developed motor-cilium, appearing to be the only means by which light can control the behaviour of the larva. The ocelli are thus self-contained sensory-motor entities, making a nervous system superfluous.
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“Such a transformation probably also happened in the case of photoreceptors, which started as cell-autonomous sensory-motor units [36,38,44] and evolved into sensory-motor neurons regulating ciliary bands (figure 2b).”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [38]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nordström, K., Wallén, Seymour, J., & Nilsson, D.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- James Cook University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Nilsson, D.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2003-11-22
- Volume
- 270
- Issue
- 1531
- Pages
- 2349-2354
- ISSN
- 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
- 0962-8452
- 1471-2954
- PMC
- PMC1691513
- OpenAlex
- W2018680074
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Keywords
- box jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora, planula larvae, rhabdomeric photoreceptors, optical sensing, nervous system evolution, larval behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Larva, Microscopy, Electron, Pigments, Biological, Vision, Ocular, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate, Scyphozoa
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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