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Bridging the bonding gap: the transition from primates to humans

Dunbar, R. I. M.·2012·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
DOI 10.1098/rstb.2011.0217
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Abstract

Primate societies are characterized by bonded social relationships of a kind that are rare in other mammal taxa. These bonded relationships, which provide the basis for coalitions, are underpinned by an endorphin mechanism mediated by social grooming. However, bonded relationships of this kind impose constraints on the size of social groups that are possible. When ecological pressures have demanded larger groups, primates have had to evolve new mechanisms to facilitate bonding. This has involved increasing the size of vocal and visual communication repertoires, increasing the time devoted to social interaction and developing a capacity to manage two-tier social relationships (strong and weak ties). I consider the implications of these constraints for the evolution of human social communities and argue that laughter was an early evolutionary innovation that helped bridge the bonding gap between the group sizes characteristic of chimpanzees and australopithecines and those in later hominins.

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Metadata

Authors
Dunbar, R. I. M.
Venue
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2012-07-05
Volume
367
Issue
1597
Pages
1837-1846
ISSN
  • 0962-8436
  • 1471-2970
DOI
10.1098/rstb.2011.0217
Cited by
176
References
9
Language
en
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bridging the bonding gap: the transition from primates to humans. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1098/rstb.2011.0217
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Dunbar, R. I. M. (2012). Bridging the bonding gap: the transition from primates to humans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0217