Primary Cilia and Coordination of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) and Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) Signaling
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Since the beginning of the millennium, research in primary cilia has revolutionized our way of understanding how cells integrate and organize diverse signaling pathways during vertebrate development and in tissue homeostasis. Primary cilia are unique sensory organelles that detect changes in their extracellular environment and integrate and transmit signaling information to the cell to regulate various cellular, developmental, and physiological processes. Many different signaling pathways have now been shown to rely on primary cilia to function properly, and mutations that lead to ciliary dysfunction are at the root of a pleiotropic group of diseases and syndromic disorders called ciliopathies. In this review, we present an overview of primary cilia-mediated regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. Further, we discuss how defects in the coordination of these pathways may be linked to ciliopathies.
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A series of other RTKs, including EGFR, FGFR3, TRKB, and TIE2, also localize to primary cilia.
“A series of other RTKs, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 224, 225, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) 226, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB, also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 2 227 and angiopoetin-1 receptor (TIE2) 228 also localize to primary cilia.”
From Cellular signalling by primary cilia in development, organ function and disease (2019) · cites this paper as [224]
The “Additional RTKs Associated with Primary Cilia” section (page not provided) reports EGFR on primary cilia and Tie2 on primary cilia in murine reproductive tissues. It discusses FGFRs as a group at the basal body of primary cilia, not FGFR3 specifically on primary cilia, and does not identify TRKB as ciliary. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Cellular signalling by primary cilia in development, organ function and disease
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IFT20 modulates ciliary PDGFRα signaling by regulating the stability of Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligases
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A CEP104-CSPP1 Complex Is Required for Formation of Primary Cilia Competent in Hedgehog Signaling
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Self-citationRole of Primary Cilia in Odontogenesis
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TSC1 and TSC2 regulate cilia length and canonical Hedgehog signaling via different mechanisms
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Self-citationPrimary cilia are WNT-transducing organelles whose biogenesis is controlled by a WNT-PP1 axis
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HTR6 and SSTR3 ciliary targeting relies on both IC3 loops and C-terminal tails
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The Kinocilia of Cochlear Hair Cells: Structures, Functions, and Diseases
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Dysregulation of sonic hedgehog signaling causes hearing loss in ciliopathy mouse models
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Cardiac repair by epicardial EMT: Current targets and a potential role for the primary cilium
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ALMS1 Regulates TGF-β Signaling and Morphology of Primary Cilia
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Cilia and Cancer: From Molecular Genetics to Therapeutic Strategies
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Primary Cilia in the Skin: Functions in Immunity and Therapeutic Potential
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The role of Rpgrip1l, a component of the primary cilium, in adipocyte development and function
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DLG1 functions upstream of SDCCAG3 and IFT20 to control ciliary targeting of polycystin-2
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The Role of Primary Cilia in Thyroid Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications
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A conserved mechanism for the retrieval of polyubiquitinated proteins from cilia
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Cholangiocyte ciliary defects induce sustained epidermal growth factor receptor signaling
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Cilia in the Striatum Mediate Timing-Dependent Functions
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The conserved ancestral signaling pathway from cilium to nucleus
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Functions of cilia in cardiac development and disease
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Illumination of understudied ciliary kinases
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Primary Cilia in Pancreatic β- and α-Cells: Time to Revisit the Role of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme
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IFT20: An Eclectic Regulator of Cellular Processes beyond Intraflagellar Transport
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Emerging roles of primary cilia in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Prenatal diagnosis of Bardet Biedl Syndrome: A case report
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CDKL1 variants affecting ciliary formation predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection
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A novel model of glioblastoma recurrence to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities
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Analysis of Caveolin in Primary Cilia
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- Authors
- Christensen, S. T., Morthorst, S. K., Mogensen, J. B., & Pedersen, L. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2016-09-16
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- a028167
- ISSN
- 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5453389
- OpenAlex
- W2520273198
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 154
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Lundbeckfonden (R54-2010-5375)
- Novo Nordisk
- Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond (#1331-00254)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF15OC0016886, NNF14OC0011535)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
- Keywords
- primary cilia, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, TGF-beta signaling, ciliopathies, ciliary dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Centrioles, Cilia, Endocytosis, Golgi Apparatus, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Mutation, Signal Transduction, Genome, Human, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta, 3T3-L1 Cells, Mice
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