Inhibition of early apoptotic events by Akt/PKB is dependent on the first committed step of glycolysis and mitochondrial hexokinase
Open accessAbstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB is a major downstream effector of growth factor-mediated cell survival. Activated Akt, like Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, prevents closure of a PT pore component, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC); intracellular acidification; mitochondrial hyperpolarization; and the decline in oxidative phosphorylation that precedes cytochrome c release. However, unlike Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, the ability of activated Akt to preserve mitochondrial integrity, and thereby inhibit apoptosis, requires glucose availability and is coupled to its metabolism. Hexokinases are known to bind to VDAC and directly couple intramitochondrial ATP synthesis to glucose metabolism. We provide evidence that such coupling serves as a downstream effector function for Akt. First, Akt increases mitochondria-associated hexokinase activity. Second, the antiapoptotic activity of Akt requires only the first committed step of glucose metabolism catalyzed by hexokinase. Finally, ectopic hexokinase expression mimics the ability of Akt to inhibit cytochrome c release and apoptosis. We therefore propose that Akt increases coupling of glucose metabolism to oxidative phosphorylation and regulates PT pore opening via the promotion of hexokinase-VDAC interaction at the outer mitochondrial membrane.
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Akt activation is associated with increased oxygen consumption and an increase in total cellular ATP derived from both glycolytic and oxidative sources.
“Akt activation is associated with increased oxygen consumption as well as an increase in total cellular ATP derived from both glycolytic and oxidative sources 30, 31.”
From Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species regulate cellular signaling and dictate biological outcomes (2010) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Gottlob, K., Majewski, N., Kennedy, S., Kandel, E., Robey, R. B., & Hay, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2001-06-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1406-1418
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- PMC
- PMC312709
- OpenAlex
- W2168330194
- Cited by
- 961
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 55
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- American Heart Association
- National Kidney Foundation of Illinois
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (AG 16927, R01AG016927)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- Akt, apoptosis inhibition, mitochondrial hexokinase, voltage-dependent anion channel, cytochrome c release, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial outer membrane, glucose metabolism, cell survival signaling, mitochondrial membrane potential
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Cytochrome c Group, Exoribonucleases, Glucose, Glycolysis, Hexokinase, Ion Channels, Mitochondria, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Apoptosis, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Porins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels, bcl-X Protein, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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