Ballistic-phonon heat conduction at the nanoscale as revealed by time-resolved x-ray diffraction and time-domain thermoreflectance
Abstract
We use time-resolved measurements of the evolution of surface and buried layer temperatures to quantify the contribution of ballistic phonons to heat transport on nanometer length scales. A laser pulse heats a $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ thick Al film which cools by conduction into a GaAs substrate. The top $120--250\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ of the GaAs substrate is doped with In to create a buried layer with a distinct lattice constant. The cooling of the Al film is monitored by time-domain thermoreflectance and, in the second set of experiments, the heating and cooling of the GaAs:In buried layer are monitored by time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The combination of these data shows that thermal transport by ballistic phonons accounts for nearly 20% of the heat flow across the buried layer on nanosecond time scales.
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TDTR combined with x-ray diffraction also provides insight into the nature of heat transfer in the quasiballistic regime.
“TDTR combined with x-ray diffraction 244 also provides insight into the nature of heat transfer in the quasiballistic regime.”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [244]
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- Authors
- Highland, M., Gundrum, B. C., Koh, Y. K., Averback, R. S., Cahill, D. G., Elarde, V. C., Coleman, J. J., Walko, D. A., & Landahl, E. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physical Review B
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2007-08-22
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 7
- ISSN
- 1098-0121 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-235X
- OpenAlex
- W2056591392
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review B (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Keywords
- ballistic phonons, phonon heat conduction, nanoscale heat transfer, time-domain thermoreflectance, time-resolved X-ray diffraction, buried layers, aluminum thin films, lattice mismatch
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