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Threshold effects and Planck scale Lorentz violation: Combined constraints from high energy astrophysics
Open accessAbstract
Recent work has shown that dispersion relations with Planck scale Lorentz violation can produce observable effects at energies many orders of magnitude below the Planck energy M. This opens a window on physics that may reveal quantum gravity phenomena. It has already constrained the possibility of Planck scale Lorentz violation, which is suggested by some approaches to quantum gravity. In this work we carry out a systematic analysis of reaction thresholds, allowing unequal deformation parameters for different particle dispersion relations. The thresholds are found to have some unusual properties compared with standard ones, such as asymmetric momenta for pair creation and upper thresholds. The results are used together with high energy observational data to determine combined constraints. We focus on the case of photons and electrons, using vacuum \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov, photon decay, and photon annihilation processes to determine order unity constraints on the parameters controlling $O(E/M)$ Lorentz violation. Interesting constraints for protons (with photons or pions) are obtained even at $O({(E/M)}^{2}),$ using the absence of vacuum \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov and the observed GZK cutoff for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. A strong \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov limit using atmospheric PeV neutrinos is possible for $O(E/M)$ deformations provided the rate is high enough. If detected, ultrahigh energy cosmological neutrinos might yield limits at or even beyond $O({(E/M)}^{2}).$
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“A complimentary constraint to the GZK analysis can be derived by recognizing that 1019 − 1020 eV protons reach us — a vacuum Čerenkov effect must be forbidden up to the highest observed UHECR energy [88, 154, 119].”
From Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005) · cites this paper as [154]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“For n = 2 with CPT preserved we have [154]. If we set d = 0 in Equation (39) so that there is no helicity dependence, this translates to the constraint kF/2 + c ≤ 4 × 10−16.”
From Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005) · cites this paper as [154]
In the citing paper
“For n = 2 the constraint is [154], where is the coefficient for one of the electron helicities. In terms of the mSME parameters this condition can be written as c − |d| − kF/2 ≤ 10−16.”
From Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005) · cites this paper as [154]
In the citing paper
“If d ≠ 0 then both helicities of electrons/positrons must satisfy this bound since the photon has a decay channel into every possible combination of electron/positron helicity. The corresponding limit is kF/2 + (c ± d) ≤ 4 · 10−16.”
From Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005) · cites this paper as [154]
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Birefringence in pseudo–Finsler spacetimes
Skákala, J., & Visser, M. (2009) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/189/1/012037 · Cited by 37
Analogue model for quantum gravity phenomenology
Weinfurtner, S., Liberati, S., & Visser, M. (2006) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General · doi:10.1088/0305-4470/39/21/s83 · Cited by 37
Self-citationPSEUDO-FINSLERIAN SPACE–TIMES AND MULTIREFRINGENCE
Skákala, J., & Visser, M. (2010) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271810017172 · Cited by 36
Ultrahigh-energy photons from LHAASO as probes of Lorentz symmetry violations
Li, C., & Ma, B.-Q. (2021) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.063012 · Cited by 36
“would rapidly decay to e+e− pair [20], resulting in a significant decrease of the photon flux at UHEs beyond which no photons should reach the Earth.”
BackgroundLimits on the Lorentz Invariance Violation from UHECR Astrophysics
Lang, R. G., Martínez-Huerta, H., & de Souza, V. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9f2c · Cited by 34
“…breaks Lorentz symmetry, see, for instance, AmelinoCamelia et al. (1998), Coleman & Glashow (1999), Ahluwalia (1999), Amelino-Camelia (2001), Jacobson et al. (2003), Galaverni & Sigl (2008a, 2008b), Maccione & Liberati (2008), Liberati & Maccione (2011), Jacob & Piran (2008), and Zou et al.…”
BackgroundProspective constraints on Lorentz violation from ultrahigh-energy photon detection
Rubtsov, G. I., Satunin, P., & Sibiryakov, S. M. (2014) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.123011 · Cited by 34
Synchrotron radiation in Myers–Pospelov effective electrodynamics
Montemayor, R., & Urrutia, L. F. (2005) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2004.11.080 · Cited by 33
Superluminal neutrinos and extra dimensions: Constraints from the null energy condition
Gubser, S. S. (2011) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2011.10.028 · Cited by 33
“Meanwhile, the speed limit on electrons (even very energetic ones, at the scale of 50−100 TeV) is much more stringent than for neutrinos [22].”
BackgroundQuantum Gravity Phenomenology and Lorentz Violation
Ted Jacobson, A., Liberati, S., & Mattingly, D. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-26798-0_8 · Cited by 32
Self-citationModified dispersion relations from the renormalization group of gravity
Girelli, F., Liberati, S., Roberto Percacci, A., & Rahmede, C. (2007) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/24/16/003 · Cited by 50
Self-citationLoop Quantum Gravity Phenomenology: Linking Loops to Observational Physics
Girelli, F. (2012) · Symmetry Integrability and Geometry Methods and Applications · doi:10.3842/sigma.2012.098 · Cited by 33
“Early studies [140, 149] used particle kinematics phenomenology, modified dispersion relations plus energymomentum conservation.”
BackgroundInfluentialNew constraints on Lorentz Invariance violation from Crab Nebula spectrum beyond 100 TeV
Satunin, P. (2019) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7520-y · Cited by 30
Testing quantum gravity via cosmogenic neutrino oscillations
Christian, J. (2005) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.71.024012 · Cited by 28
Propagation in a thermal graviton background
Arteaga, D., Parentani, R., & Verdaguer, E. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.044019 · Cited by 32
Quantum Gravity phenomenology: achievements and challengesPreprint
Liberati, S., & Maccione, L. (2010) · Cited by 28
Self-citationModified Dispersion Relations from the Renormalization Group of Gravity
Girelli, F., Liberati, S., Roberto Percacci, A., & Rahmede, C. (2006) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 27
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Jacobson, T., Liberati, S., & Mattingly, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2003-06-11
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 12
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4918
- OpenAlex
- W2064950588
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 14.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- SDL (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- Lorentz violation, Planck scale, dispersion relation, response threshold, quantum gravity, photon decay, photon annihilation, pair production, GZK cutoff, ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, atmospheric neutrinos, PeV neutrinos, protons, pion
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