High-energy tests of Lorentz invariance
Open accessAbstract
We develop a perturbative framework with which to discuss departures from exact Lorentz invariance and explore their potentially observable ramifications. Tiny noninvariant terms introduced into the standard model Lagrangian are assumed to be renormalizable (dimension \ensuremath{\leqslant}4), invariant under $\mathrm{SU}(3)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{SU}(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(1)$ gauge transformations, and rotationally and translationally invariant in a preferred frame. There are a total of 46 independent CPT-even perturbations of this kind, all of which preserve anomaly cancellation. They define the energy-momentum eigenstates and their maximal attainable velocities in the high-energy limit. The effects of these perturbations increase rapidly with energy in the preferred frame, more rapidly than those of CPT-odd perturbations. Our analysis of Lorentz-violating kinematics reveals several striking new phenomena that are relevant both to cosmic-ray physics (e.g., by undoing the Greisen, Zatsepin, and Kuz'min cutoff) and neutrino physics (e.g., by generating novel types of neutrino oscillations). These may lead to new and sensitive high-energy tests of special relativity.
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At a threshold for a particle with momentum p1, the configuration is the minimum energy configuration of all other particles that conserves momentum.
“Theorem 1: The configuration at a threshold for a particle with momentum p1 is the minimum energy configuration of all other particles that conserves momentum.”
From Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005) · cites this paper as [88]
A vacuum Čerenkov effect must be forbidden up to the highest observed UHECR energy.
“A complimentary constraint to the GZK analysis can be derived by recognizing that 1019 − 1020 eV protons reach us — a vacuum Čerenkov effect must be forbidden up to the highest observed UHECR energy [88, 154, 119].”
From Modern Tests of Lorentz Invariance (2005) · cites this paper as [88]
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What do we know about Lorentz invariance?
Tasson, J. D. (2014) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/77/6/062901 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies
Batista, R. A., Biteau, J., Bustamante, M., Dolag, K., Engel, R., Fang, K., Kampert, K. ‐., Kostunin, D., Mostafá, M. A., Murase, K., et al. (2019) · Desy publication database (The Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) · doi:10.3204/pubdb-2019-02725 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
The Standard Model on Non-Commutative Space-TimePreprint
Calmet, X., Jurco, B., Schupp, P., Wess, J., & Wohlgenannt, M. (2001) · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Exact Calculation of the Radiatively Induced Lorentz and CPT Violation in QED
Manuel Pérez-victoria, B. (1999) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.2518 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Lower bound on the propagation speed of gravity from gravitational Cherenkov radiation
Moore, G. D., & Nelson, A. E. (2001) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2001/09/023 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“As the charge moves, it lengthens the trajectory and pays the energy cost of the added electric field energy.”
BackgroundHigh energy astrophysics with ground-based gamma ray detectors
Aharonian, F., Buckley, J. H., Kifune, T., & Sinnis, G. (2008) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/71/9/096901 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
An infrared background-TeV gamma-ray crisis?
Protheroe, R. J., & Meyer, H. (2000) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(00)01113-8 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
A review of the generalized uncertainty principle
Tawfik, A. N., & Diab, A. M. (2015) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/78/12/126001 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Constraining the New Aether: gravitational Cherenkov radiation
Elliott, J. W., Moore, G. D., & Stoica, H. (2005) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2005/08/066 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
TeV astrophysics constraints on Planck scale Lorentz violation
Jacobson, T., Liberati, S., & Mattingly, D. (2002) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.66.081302 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Pair Creation Constrains Superluminal Neutrino Propagation
Cohen, A. G., & Glashow, S. L. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.181803 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“We note in passing that observations of neutrino oscillations allow one to deduce far more severe constraints on neutrino velocities at relevant energies[6, 7].”
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Atmospheric neutrino oscillations and new physics
González-García, M. C., & Maltoni, M. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.033010 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Anchordoqui, L. A. (2019) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2019.01.002 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“For example, if Lorentz invariance is broken in the form of non-standard dispersion relations for free particles, E(2) = p(2)(1 + 2δ) +m(2) (237) then absorption and energy loss processes for UHECR interactions would be modified [621].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCausality and CPT violation from an Abelian Chern–Simons-like term
Adam, C., & Klinkhamer, F. R. (2001) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/s0550-3213(01)00161-4 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Dark matter as integration constant in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity
Mukohyama, S. (2009) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.80.064005 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“[41, 42, 43] for tight experimental limits on Lorentz violation.”
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies
Batista, R. A., Biteau, J., Bustamante, M., Dolag, K., Engel, R., Fang, K., Kampert, K.-H., Kostunin, D., Mostafa, M., Murase, K., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences · doi:10.3389/fspas.2019.00023 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
“…decay (Chikashige et al., 1980; Gelmini et al., 1982; Tomas et al., 2001), n = − 1; for CPT-odd Lorentz violation (Colladay and Kostelecky, 1997; Coleman and Glashow, 1999; Barger et al., 2000) or coupling to a torsion field (De Sabbata and Gasperini, 1981), n = 0; and for CPT-even Lorentz…”
Csaba Csáki, A., Erlich, J., & Grojean, C. (2001) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/s0550-3213(01)00175-4 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Lorentz-violating electrostatics and magnetostatics
Bailey, Q. G., & Kostelecký, V. A. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.076006 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Invited review: Physics potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)
Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Jash, A., Mohanty, A. K., Chacko, A., Ajmi, A., Ghosal, A., Khatun, A., Raychaudhuri, A., Dighe, A., et al. (2017) · Pramana · doi:10.1007/s12043-017-1373-4 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
“) The effective CPTV contribution to the neutrino Lagrangian can then be parametrized [130] as L ν = ν̄ L b μ γ ν β L , (7.”
New Limits on Planck Scale Lorentz Violation in QED
Ted Jacobson, A., Liberati, S., Mattingly, D., & Stecker, F. W. (2004) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.021101 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Solar models and solar neutrino oscillations
Bahcall, J. N., & Peña-Garay, C. (2004) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/063 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Lorentz Violation in Supersymmetric Field Theories
Nibbelink, S. G., & Pospelov, M. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.081601 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Lorentz andCPTviolation in the neutrino sector
Kostelecký, V. A., & Mewes, M. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.031902 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
New varying speed of light theoriesPreprint
Magueijo, J. (2003) · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Signals for noncommutative interactions at linear colliders
Hewett, J. L., Petriello, F. J., & Rizzo, T. G. (2001) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.64.075012 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Renormalization group in Lifshitz-type theories
Roberto Iengo, A., Russo, J. G., & Serone, M. (2009) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2009/11/020 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“The experimental bounds on δc2 for ordinary particles are of the order of 10−(21÷23) [12], which give an idea of the order of magnitude of the fine–tuning that is needed.”
BackgroundLarge and infinite extra dimensions
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WHEN RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS ARE FINITE, BUT UNDETERMINED
Jackiw, R. (2000) · International Journal of Modern Physics B · doi:10.1142/s021797920000114x · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“Is there any other criterion that can be brought to bear on the problem? Coleman and Glashow [12] have suggested that the axial vector current be regulated so it is gauge invariant at all momenta.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialProbing neutrino nonstandard interactions with atmospheric neutrino data
Nicolao Fornengo, B., Maltoni, M., Bayo, R. T., & Valle, J. W. F. (2001) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.65.013010 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Coproduct and star product in field theories on Lie-algebra noncommutative space-times
Giovanni Amelino-camelia, A., & Arzano, M. (2002) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.65.084044 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Spontaneous breaking of Lorentz invariance, black holes and perpetuum mobile of the 2nd kind
Dubovsky, S., & Sibiryakov, S. M. (2006) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2006.05.074 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Čerenkov effect in Lorentz-violating vacua
Lehnert, R., & Potting, R. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.125010 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
When radiative corrections are finite but undetermined
Jackiw, R. (1999) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Aetherlike Lorentz-breaking actions
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Non-minimal coupling to a Lorentz-violating background and topological implications
Belich, H., Costa-Soares, T., Ferreir, M. M., & Helayël-Neto, J. A. (2005) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s2005-02240-y · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Indications for a pair-production anomaly from the propagation of VHE gamma-rays
Horns, D., & Meyer, M. (2012) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/02/033 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“In the context of propagation of unpolarized energetic photons, a number of processes have been suggested to modify the standard model behaviour: The pair production process could be affected by Lorentz-invariance violation (LIV) processes [11, 12], kinematic mixing with hidden sector photons [13], as well as conversi…”
BackgroundSignals forCPTand Lorentz violation in neutral-meson oscillations
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The cosmological constant problem: why it’s hard to get dark energy from microphysics
Burgess, C. P. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198728856.003.0004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Lorentz violation and short-baseline neutrino experiments
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THERMODYNAMICS OF MODIFIED BLACK HOLES FROM GRAVITY'S RAINBOW
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Overview of the Standard Model Extension: Implications and Phenomenology of Lorentz Violation
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EMERGENT CPT VIOLATION FROM THE SPLITTING OF FERMI POINTS
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Detection of a Far‐Infrared Excess with DIRBE at 60 and 100 Microns
Finkbeiner, D. P., Davis, M., & Schlegel, D. J. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/317177 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
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Threshold analyses and Lorentz violation
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Neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts as a tool to explore quantum-gravity-induced Lorentz violation
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“This possibility, which was initially motivated by attempt”
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Wave-particle duality at the Planck scale: freezing of neutrino oscillations
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“ence that is predicted to be present in the early universe, there are already speculations that anomalous events around 1020 eV cosmic rays may be pointing towards a violation of the Lorentz symmetry [19,20]. This violation 7 is also independently expected from the present study and can be systematically studied as ne…”
Loop-generated bounds on changes to the graviton dispersion relation
Burgess, C. P., Cline, J. M., Filotas, E., Matias, J., & Moore, G. D. (2002) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/043 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
- Authors
- Coleman, S., & Glashow, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Glashow, Sheldon L.
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1999-04-28
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 11
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4918
- OpenAlex
- W2149558418
- Cited by
- 1,149
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 37.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Keywords
- Lorentz violation, preferred frame, cosmic ray propagation, GZK cutoff, neutrino oscillations
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