All-Versus-Nothing Violation of Local Realism by Two-Photon, Four-Dimensional Entanglement
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We develop and exploit a source of two-photon, four-dimensional entanglement to report the first two-particle all-versus-nothing test of local realism with a linear optics setup, but without resorting to a noncontextuality assumption. Our experimental results are in good agreement with quantum mechanics while in extreme contradiction to local realism. Potential applications of our experiment are briefly discussed.
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This polarization-path entanglement was independently realized by Barbieri et al. (2005) using type-I nonlinear crystals, and by Yang et al. (2005) using a type-II nonlinear crystal.
“It was independently realized by Barbieri et al (2005) using type-I nonlinear crystals, and by Yang et al (2005) using a type-II nonlinear crystal.”
From Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry (2012) · cites this paper as Yang et al (2005)
Experimental demonstrations of the two-photon hyper-entanglement protocol were done by Yang et al. 2005 and Cinelli et al. (2005).
“Experimental demonstrations of such a protocol were done by Yang et al. 2005 andCinelli et al. (2005) 45 using a two-photon hyper-entangled state in Eq. ( 40) (for hyperentanglement see section IV.B.2).”
From Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry (2012) · cites this paper as Yang et al. 2005
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Engineering of hyperentangled complex quantum networks
Ahmad, M., Ali, L., Imran, M., Rameez‐ul‐Islam, Ikram, M., Din, R. U., Ahmad, A., & Ahmad, I. (2024) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/ad8a06 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Xiu, X.-M., Zhao, Z.-L., Yuan, Z.-Q., Chen, S.-G., Zhang, X.-Y., Ji, Y.-Q., & Dong, L. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/h2ql-8rx3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationCabello, A. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/fx9d-488z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Irreducible Magic Sets for n -Qubit Systems
Trandafir, S., Lisoněk, P., & Cabello, A. (2022) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.129.200401 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Measurements on composite qudits
Paterek, T. (2007) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2007.05.082 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Separability criterions of multipartite states
Yang, Y., & Cao, H. (2018) · The European Physical Journal D · doi:10.1140/epjd/e2018-90015-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
High-dimensional entanglement for long distance quantum communication
Yin, J., Qian, Y., Li, X., Bao, X., Cheng-Zhi, P., Tao, Y., & Pan, G.-S. (2011) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.60.060308 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the logical structure of Bell theorems
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Wang, Z., Wu, X., Yu, W., Alzahrani, F. S., Hobiny, A. D., & Deng, F. (2017) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-017-1595-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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All genuinely entangled stabilizer subspaces are multipartite fully nonlocal
Makuta, O., & Augusiak, R. (2025) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-025-01080-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
One Step Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Based on the Hyperentangled Bell State
Hou, Y., Li, J., Li, H., Li, C., Yang, Y., Wang, N., & Zhou, Z. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2937101 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Entanglement purification of two-photon systems in multiple degrees of freedom
Wang, M., Yan, F., & Gao, T. (2020) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-020-02697-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Yang, T., Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., Yin, J., Zhao, Z., Żukowski, M., Chen, Z.-B., & Pan, J.-W.
- Affiliations
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- University of Gdańsk (PL)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2005-12-09
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 240406-240406
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2003382933
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Keywords
- local realism, two-photon entanglement, linear optics, noncontextuality, Bell nonlocality, quantum foundations
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