1225-Channel Neuromorphic Retinal-Prosthesis SoC With Localized Temperature-Regulation
Open accessAbstract
A 1225-Channel Neuromorphic Retinal Prosthesis (RP) SoC is presented. Existing RP SoCs directly convert light intensity to electrical stimulus, which limit the adoption of delicate stimulus patterns to increase visual acuity. Moreover, a conventional centralized image processor leads to the local hot spot that poses a risk to the nearby retinal cells. To solve these issues, the proposed SoC adopts a distributed Neuromorphic Image Processor (NMIP) located within each pixel that extracts the outline of the incoming image, which reduces current dispersion and stimulus power compared with light-intensity proportional stimulus pattern. A spike-based asynchronous digital operation results in the power consumption of 56.3 nW/Ch without local temperature hot spot. At every 5×5 pixels, the localized (49-point) temperature-regulation circuit limits the temperature increase of neighboring retinal cells to less than 1 °C, and the overall power consumption of the SoC to be less than that of the human eye. The 1225-channel SoC fabricated in 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS occupies 15mm2while consuming 2.7 mW, and is successfully verified with image reconstruction demonstration.
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Passive methods of charge balancing are commonly used to discharge the electrodes to a reference node following each stimulus pulse, provided that the stimulator IC can afford the necessary overhead area or time to achieve this.
“Passive methods of charge balancing are commonly used to discharge the electrodes to a reference node following each stimulus pulse, provided that the stimulator IC can afford the necessary overhead area or time to achieve this [67], [69].”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [67]
The System Architecture section (page unavailable) says the SoC removes residual charge during its rest state and that its long resting phase makes passive charge cancellation sufficient and area-efficient. It does not say that this method is commonly used or specify discharge to a reference node. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTemperature sensing can be implemented in the analog domain using proportional to absolute temperature circuits and bandgap references, and by all-digital circuits using ring oscillators.
“It can be implemented in the analog domain using proportional to absolute temperature circuits and bandgap references, and by all-digital circuits using ring oscillators [44], [67].”
From Active Neural Interface Circuits and Systems for Selective Control of Peripheral Nerves: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [67]
The System Architecture passage describes a spike-based temperature-sensing circuit and digital temperature-feedback control, but does not identify the sensing techniques in the claim. Searches for PTAT, bandgap references, and ring oscillators found no passage in our copy addressing those techniques. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Jeong Hoan Park (Member, IEEE) received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the School of Electrical Engi- neering and Computer Science, Seoul National Uni- versity, Korea, in 2011 and 2017, respectively. He has held a research fellow position with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, National Univer- sity of Singapore, Singapore, from 2017 to 2020. He is currently a Staff Engineer with the DRAM Design team, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea. His main research topic is developing low-power and low-noise multi-channel bio-signal acquisition and the neural prosthesis with neuromorphic processing SoC. Also, he is interested in high bandwidth memory (HBM).
- Joanne Si Ying Tan (Student Member, IEEE) re- ceived the B. Eng. and M. Eng. degree in electrical en- gineering from the National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, in 2018 and 2020, respectively. She is currently the Ph.D. student with the Depart- ment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NUS. Her current research interest focuses on low power temperature sensing systems.
- Han Wu (Student Member, IEEE) received the B.Eng. degree in electronic science and technology, the M.E. degree in microelectronics and solid-state electronics from the College of Opto-electronic En- gineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, in 2013 and 2016, respectively. Since 2017, he has been the Ph.D. student with the Electrical and Com- puter Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore. His research focuses on energy-efficient high-speed links, ultra-low power system-on-chip design, MEMS sensor interface cir- cuit design, etc.
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- Authors
- Park, J. H., Tan, J. S. Y., Wu, H., Dong, Y., & Yoo, J.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1230-1240
- ISSN
- 1932-4545 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-9990
- OpenAlex
- W3097775566
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A18A4b0055)
- Hybrid-Integrated Flexible Electronic Systems (WBS R-263-501-0011-133/731)
- National University of Singapore
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
- Keywords
- retinal prosthesis, distributed image processing, visual acuity, image reconstruction, CMOS integrated circuit
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Prosthesis Design, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Temperature, Visual Prosthesis, Neural Prostheses
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