Cited by 133Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringRetinal Development and DisordersRetinal Diseases and Treatments

Electronic retinal implants and artificial vision: journey and present

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Mills, J O, Jalil, A, Stanga, P E·2017·Eye

Abstract

Retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration are two significant causes of severe visual dysfunction. In both, the retinal photoreceptors degenerate, preventing successful conversion of light into electrical energy that is interpreted in the visual cortex as visual function. Artificial vision or visual function began over two centuries ago with the idea of creating artificial light pulses, or phosphenes, through cortical stimulation. The pursuit is now on to improve artificial visual function. Two retinal implants appear the most likely to succeed in the future having undergone multicentre human trials: the Argus II electronic epiretinal device (Second Sight Medical Products, CA, USA) and Alpha-IMS electronic subretinal device (Retina Implant AG, Germany). The trial results to date are encouraging with visual improvement and acceptable safety profiles reported for both devices. At present, the visual function generated by either device does not offer high enough resolution or acuity for a patient to regain a fully functional life. Despite this, both devices not only have the potential, but have actually improved the vision-related quality of life in a significant number of patients implanted. With this in mind, the economic argument is clear. Provided device-life is long enough, its cost should be acceptable for the obtained improvement in the quality of life. The aim of this Review Article is to assist those readers that may be considering offering any of these devices as a treatment for blindness in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

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  1. Franklin B, Watson W. An account of Mr. Benjamin Franklin's treatise, lately published, intituled, experiments and observations on electricity, made at Philadelphia in America; By Wm. Watson, F. R. S. Philos Trans 1751; 47: 202-211.
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  5. Stanga PE Jr JAS, daCruz L, Hafezi F, Merlini F, Coley B et al. Patients blinded by outer retinal dystrophies are able to perceive simultaneous colors using the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53(14): 6952.
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Authors
Mills, J. O., Jalil, A., & Stanga, P. E.
Affiliations
  • Manchester Royal Eye Hospital (GB)
  • Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
Corresponding author
Stanga, P E
Venue
Eye
Published
2017-05-26
Volume
31
Issue
10
Pages
1383-1398
ISSN
  • 0078-5334 (ISSN-L)
  • 0950-222X
  • 1476-5454
OpenAlex
W2619941164
Cited by
133
References
65
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 1
FWCI
1.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Eye (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Keywords
retinal prosthesis, artificial vision, retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, Argus II, phosphenes, visual function, quality of life, blindness treatment, device safety, cost-effectiveness
MeSH terms
Blindness, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Retina, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures, Visual Acuity, Visual Prosthesis

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