The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
FSIM: A Feature Similarity Index for Image Quality Assessment
Abstract
Image quality assessment (IQA) aims to use computational models to measure the image quality consistently with subjective evaluations. The well-known structural similarity index brings IQA from pixel- to structure-based stage. In this paper, a novel feature similarity (FSIM) index for full reference IQA is proposed based on the fact that human visual system (HVS) understands an image mainly according to its low-level features. Specifically, the phase congruency (PC), which is a dimensionless measure of the significance of a local structure, is used as the primary feature in FSIM. Considering that PC is contrast invariant while the contrast information does affect HVS' perception of image quality, the image gradient magnitude (GM) is employed as the secondary feature in FSIM. PC and GM play complementary roles in characterizing the image local quality. After obtaining the local quality map, we use PC again as a weighting function to derive a single quality score. Extensive experiments performed on six benchmark IQA databases demonstrate that FSIM can achieve much higher consistency with the subjective evaluations than state-of-the-art IQA metrics.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity
Wang, Z., Bovik, A. C., Sheikh, H. R., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2003.819861 · Cited by 57,892
Marr, D., & Hildreth, E. (1980) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1980.0020 · Cited by 6,510
Multiscale structural similarity for image quality assessment
Wang, Z., Simoncelli, E. P., & Bovik, A. C. (2004) · The Thrity-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, 2003 · doi:10.1109/acssc.2003.1292216 · Cited by 6,253
VSNR: A Wavelet-Based Visual Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Natural Images
Chandler, D. M., & Hemami, S. S. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2007.901820 · Cited by 1,147
Research works printed but not linked: 35
- 2000, Final report from the video quality experts group on the validation of objective models of video quality assessment
- gaubatz, 0, MeTriX MuX Visual Quality Assessment Package
- sheikh, 2004, Image and Video Quality Assessment Research at LIVE
- larson, 2009, Categorical Image Quality (CSIQ) Database
- 10.1117/1.1544479 · DOI
- jhne, 1999, Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications
- wang, 2003, The SSIM Index for Image Quality Assessment
- chandler, 2007, A57 Database
- horita, 2000, MICT Image Quality Evaluation Database
- ninassi, 2005, Subjective Quality Assessment-IVC Database
- ponomarenko, 2009, TID2008—A database for evaluation of full-reference visual quality assessment metrics, Adv Modern Radioelectron, 10, 30
- wang, 0, Information content weighting for perceptual image quality assessment, IEEE Trans Image Process, 10.1023/A:1013737224969 · DOI
- larson, 2008, Unveiling relationships between regions of interest and image fidelity metrics, Proc SPIE Vis Comm Image Process, 6822, 6822a1
- 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4712319 · DOI
- marr, 1980, Vision
- 10.1098/rspb.1988.0073 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1038/324250a0 · DOI
- 10.1016/0167-8655(87)90013-4 · DOI · Paper page
- kovesi, 1999, Image features from phase congruency, VIDERE J Computer Vision Research, 1, 1
- 10.1109/TIP.2005.859378 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/j.patrec.2007.10.004 · DOI
- 10.1007/s11263-006-0026-8 · DOI
- li, 2009, Three-component weighted structural similarity index, Proc SPIE, 7242, 72420q-1
- jain, 1995, Machine Vision
- 10.1109/TIP.2009.2025923 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/TIP.2005.859389 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/83.841940 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/TIP.2006.881959 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3136-09.2009 · DOI
- wang, 2004, Advances in neural information processing systems, 786
- liu, 2007, Phase congruence measurement for image similarity assessment, Pattern Recognit Lett, 28, 166, 10.1016/j.patrec.2006.06.019 · DOI
- gabor, 1946, Theory of communication, J Inst Elec Eng, 93, 429
- 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5496297 · DOI
- 10.1109/ICPR.2006.362 · DOI
- 10.1364/JOSAA.4.002379 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric
Zhang, R., Isola, P., Efros, A. A., Shechtman, E., & Wang, O. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00068 · Cited by 14,623
Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolution
Johnson, J., Alahi, A., & Fei-Fei, L. (2016) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46475-6_43 · Cited by 11,283
NTIRE 2017 Challenge on Single Image Super-Resolution: Dataset and Study
Agustsson, E., & Timofte, R. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) · doi:10.1109/cvprw.2017.150 · Cited by 4,295
Gradient Magnitude Similarity Deviation: A Highly Efficient Perceptual Image Quality Index
Xue, W., Zhang, L., Mou, X., & Bovik, A. C. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2013.2293423 · Cited by 1,697
Self-citationNonlocally Centralized Sparse Representation for Image Restoration
Dong, W., Zhang, L., Shi, G., & Li, X. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2012.2235847 · Cited by 1,505
Self-citationA Feature-Enriched Completely Blind Image Quality Evaluator
Zhang, L., Zhang, L., & Bovik, A. C. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2015.2426416 · Cited by 1,311
Self-citationImage database TID2013: Peculiarities, results and perspectives
Ponomarenko, N., Jin, L., Ieremeiev, O., Lukin, V., Egiazarian, K., Astola, J., Vozel, B., Chehdi, K., Carli, M., Battisti, F., et al. (2015) · Signal Processing: Image Communication · doi:10.1016/j.image.2014.10.009 · Cited by 1,241
Deep Learning on Image Denoising: An overview
Tian, C., Fei, L., Zheng, W., Xu, Y., Zuo, W., & Lin, C.-W. (2020) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2020.07.025 · Cited by 1,091
Waterloo Exploration Database: New Challenges for Image Quality Assessment Models
Ma, K., Duanmu, Z., Wu, Q., Wang, Z., Yong, H., Li, H., & Zhang, L. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2016.2631888 · Cited by 789
Self-citationBlind Image Quality Assessment Using Joint Statistics of Gradient Magnitude and Laplacian Features
Xue, W., Mou, X., Zhang, L., Bovik, A. C., & Feng, X. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2014.2355716 · Cited by 641
Self-citationKADID-10k: A Large-scale Artificially Distorted IQA Database
Lin, H., Hosu, V., & Saupe, D. (2019) · 2019 Eleventh International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) · doi:10.1109/qomex.2019.8743252 · Cited by 523
From Patches to Pictures (PaQ-2-PiQ): Mapping the Perceptual Space of Picture Quality
Ying, Z., Niu, H., Gupta, P., Mahajan, D., Ghadiyaram, D., & Bovik, A. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00363 · Cited by 406
PieAPP: Perceptual Image-Error Assessment Through Pairwise Preference
Prashnani, E., Cai, H., Mostofi, Y., & Sen, P. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00194 · Cited by 339
Kim, J., Zeng, H., Ghadiyaram, D., Lee, S., Zhang, L., & Bovik, A. C. (2017) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2017.2736018 · Cited by 283
Self-citationCVD2014—A Database for Evaluating No-Reference Video Quality Assessment Algorithms
Nuutinen, M., Virtanen, T., Vaahteranoksa, M., Vuori, T., Oittinen, P., & Hakkinen, J. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2016.2562513 · Cited by 227
Real-Time Intensity-Image Reconstruction for Event Cameras Using Manifold Regularisation
Munda, G., Reinbacher, C., & Pock, T. (2018) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-018-1106-2 · Cited by 181
Dehazing Evaluation: Real-World Benchmark Datasets, Criteria, and Baselines
Zhao, S., Zhang, L., Huang, S., Shen, Y., & Zhao, S. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2020.2995264 · Cited by 169
Self-citationBlind omnidirectional image quality assessment with viewport oriented graph convolutional networks
Xu, J., Zhou, W., & Chen, Z. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology · doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3015186 · Cited by 166
SpEED-QA: Spatial Efficient Entropic Differencing for Image and Video Quality
Bampis, C. G., Gupta, P., Soundararajan, R., & Bovik, A. C. (2017) · IEEE Signal Processing Letters · doi:10.1109/lsp.2017.2726542 · Cited by 150
Manifold, B., Men, S., Hu, R., & Fu, D. (2021) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-021-00309-y · Cited by 152
Moiré photo restoration using multiresolution convolutional neural networks
Sun, Y., Yu, Y., & Wang, W. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2018.2834737 · Cited by 162
PromptMagician: Interactive Prompt Engineering for Text-to-Image Creation
Feng, Y., Wang, X., Wong, K. K., Wang, S., Lu, Y., Zhu, M., Wang, B., & Chen, W. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2023.3327168 · Cited by 124
A Gabor Feature-Based Quality Assessment Model for the Screen Content Images
Ni, Z., Zeng, H., Ma, L., Hou, J., Chen, J., & Ma, K.-K. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2018.2839890 · Cited by 118
Demystifying MLOps and Presenting a Recipe for the Selection of Open-Source Tools
Ruf, P., Madan, M., Reich, C., & Ould-Abdeslam, D. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11198861 · Cited by 112
DreamSim: Learning New Dimensions of Human Visual Similarity using Synthetic Data
Fu, S., Tamir, N., Sundaram, S., Chai, L., Zhang, R., Dekel, T., & Isola, P. (2023) · Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 · doi:10.52202/075280-2208 · Cited by 108
Suresh, S., & Lal, S. (2017) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2017.08.019 · Cited by 73
Assessing Image Quality Issues for Real-World Problems
Chiu, T.-Y., Zhao, Y., & Gurari, D. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00370 · Cited by 63
End-to-end optimization of prosthetic vision
de Ruyter van Steveninck, J., Güçlü, U., van Wezel, R., & van Gerven, M. (2022) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.22.2.20 · Cited by 54
Image Quality Assessment: From Mean Opinion Score to Opinion Score Distribution
Gao, Y., Min, X., Zhu, Y., Li, J., Zhang, X.-P., & Zhai, G. (2022) · Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia · doi:10.1145/3503161.3547872 · Cited by 58
Shift-Tolerant Perceptual Similarity Metric
Ghildyal, A., & Liu, F. (2022) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19797-0_6 · Cited by 47
Xu, S., Ji, L., Wang, Z., Li, P., Sun, K., Zhang, C., & Zhang, J. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging · doi:10.1109/tci.2020.3039564 · Cited by 47
Oszust, M. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158333 · Cited by 39
Stochastic Image Denoising by Sampling from the Posterior Distribution
Kawar, B., Vaksman, G., & Elad, M. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW) · doi:10.1109/iccvw54120.2021.00213 · Cited by 42
Wang, S., Zhou, X., Li, C., Wang, S., Li, Y., Tan, T., & Zheng, H. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.1029 · Cited by 29
Contrastive Learning Based Stain Normalization Across Multiple Tumor in Histopathology
Ke, J., Shen, Y., Liang, X., & Shen, D. (2021) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87237-3_55 · Cited by 28
(2022) · doi:10.3390/electronics11040559 · Cited by 19
A Combined Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment Method Based on Convolutional Activation Maps
Varga, D. (2020) · Algorithms · doi:10.3390/a13120313 · Cited by 11
End-to-end optimization of prosthetic vision
de Ruyter van Steveninck, J., Güçlü, U., van Wezel, R., & van Gerven, M. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.19.423601 · Cited by 54
“…index (SSIM; Wang, Bovik, Sheikh, & Simoncelli, 2004), and either the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) or the feature similarity index (FSIM; Zhang, Zhang, Mou, & Zhang, 2011) between the reconstruction and the input image, as evaluated using the Scikit-image library (version 0.16.2) for…”
MethodInfluentialSingle-shot blind uniform motion deblurring with ringing reduction
Shah, M. J., & Dalal, U. (2017) · The Imaging Science Journal · doi:10.1080/13682199.2017.1366614 · Cited by 4
Agaian, S. S., Grigoryan, A. M., & Ayunts, H. (2026) · Information · doi:10.3390/info17070632
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Mou, X., & Zhang, D.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2378-2386
- ISSN
- 1057-7149 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-0042
- OpenAlex
- W2141983208
- Cited by
- 5,203
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 118.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.