Cited by 4,429Medical Imaging Techniques and ApplicationsNumerical methods in inverse problemsImage and Signal Denoising Methods

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction for Emission Tomography

Shepp, L. A., Vardi, Y.·1982·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

DOI 10.1109/tmi.1982.4307558

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Previous models for emission tomography (ET) do not distinguish the physics of ET from that of transmission tomography. We give a more accurate general mathematical model for ET where an unknown emission density lambda = lambda(x, y, z) generates, and is to be reconstructed from, the number of counts n(*)(d) in each of D detector units d. Within the model, we give an algorithm for determining an estimate lambdainsertion mark of lambda which maximizes the probability p(n(*)|lambda) of observing the actual detector count data n(*) over all possible densities lambda. Let independent Poisson variables n(b) with unknown means lambda(b), b = 1, ..., B represent the number of unobserved emissions in each of B boxes (pixels) partitioning an object containing an emitter. Suppose each emission in box b is detected in detector unit d with probability p(b, d), d = 1, ..., D with p(b,d) a one-step transition matrix, assumed known. We observe the total number n(*) = n(*)(d) of emissions in each detector unit d and want to estimate the unknown lambda = lambda(b), b = 1, ..., B. For each lambda, the observed data n(*) has probability or likelihood p(n(*)|lambda). The EM algorithm of mathematical statistics starts with an initial estimate lambda(0) and gives the following simple iterative procedure for obtaining a new estimate lambdainsertion mark(new), from an old estimate lambdainsertion mark(old), to obtain lambdainsertion mark(k), k = 1, 2, ..., lambdainsertion mark(new)(b)= lambdainsertion mark(old)(b)Sum of (n(*)p(b,d) from d=1 to D/Sum of lambdainsertion mark()old(b('))p(b('),d) from b(')=1 to B), b=1,...B.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/tmi.1982.4307558

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm
Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x · Cited by 50,444
The Fourier reconstruction of a head section
Shepp, L. A., & Logan, B. F. (1974) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.1974.6499235 · Cited by 2,202
Self-citation
Nonlinear Programming.
Veinott, A. F., & Abadie, J. (1968) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2283909 · Cited by 383
A Matheematical Model for Positron-Emission Tomography Systems Having Time-of-Flight Measurements
Snyder, D. L., Thomas, L. J., & Ter‐Pogossian, M. M. (1981) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.1981.4332168 · Cited by 222
Emission Computer Assisted Tomography with Single-Photon and Positron Annihilation Photon Emitters
Budinger, T. F., Derenzo, S. E., Gullberg, G. T., Greenberg, W. L., & Huesman, R. H. (1977) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-197701000-00015 · Cited by 200
Positron-Emission Tomography
Ter‐Pogossian, M. M., Raichle, M. E., & Sobel, B. E. (1980) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1080-170 · Cited by 173
Relaxation methods for image reconstruction
Herman, G. T., Lent, A. H., & Lutz, P. H. (1978) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/359340.359351 · Cited by 137
Circular Ring Transverse Axial Positron Camera for 3-Dimensional Reconstruction of Radionuclides Distribution
Cho, Z. H., Chan, J., & Eriksson, L. (1976) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.1976.4328315 · Cited by 91
Nonparametric Estimation in Renewal Processes
Vardi, Y. (1982) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176345870 · Cited by 70
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 9 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

lakshminarayanan, 1975, Reconstruction from divergent ray data

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 1,000

Efficient deconvolution methods for astronomical imaging: algorithms and IDL-GPU codes
Prato, M., Cavicchioli, R., Zanni, L., Boccacci, P., & Bertero, M. (2012) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118681/pdf · Cited by 42
Iterative Methods for Image Reconstruction
Fessler, J. A. (2006) · Cited by 42
An efficient method for nonnegatively constrained Total Variation-based denoising of medical images corrupted by Poisson noise
Landi, G., & Piccolomini, E. L. (2011) · Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics · doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2011.07.002 · Cited by 42
Inhomogeneous Prior Models for Image Reconstruction
Aykroyd, R. G., & Zimeras, S. (1999) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1999.10474198 · Cited by 42
Noise propagation in SPECT images reconstructed using an iterative maximum-likelihood algorithm
Liew, S. C., Hasegawa, B. H., Brown, J. K., & Lang, T. (1993) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/38/12/003 · Cited by 42
A new three-dimensional reconstruction method for positron cameras using plane detectors
Defrise, M., Kuijk, S., & Deconinck, F. (1988) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/33/1/004 · Cited by 42
Vector-extrapolated fast maximum likelihood estimation algorithms for emission tomography
Rajeevan, N., Rajgopal, K., & Krishna, G. (1992) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.126905 · Cited by 42
Bias Reduction for Low-Statistics PET: Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction With a Modified Poisson Distribution
Slambrouck, K. V., Stute, S., Comtat, C., Sibomana, M., van Velden, F. H. P., Boellaard, R., & Nuyts, J. L. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2347810 · Cited by 41
New Trends in Camera and Software Technology in Nuclear Cardiology
Garcia, E. V., & Faber, T. L. (2009) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2008.12.002 · Cited by 41
Extending the Hybrid Surgical Guidance Concept With Freehand Fluorescence Tomography
van Oosterom, M. N., van der Poel, H. G., van Leeuwen, F. W. B., Meershoek, P., Welling, M. M., Pinto, F., Matthies, P., Simon, H., Wendler, T., Navab, N., et al. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2019.2924254 · Cited by 41
Object-dependent performance comparison of two iterative reconstruction algorithms
Stamos, J. A., Rogers, W. L., Clinthorne, N. H., & Koral, K. F. (1988) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.12797 · Cited by 41
Iterative Image Reconstruction
Lalush, D. S., & Wernick, M. N. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012744482-6.50024-7 · Cited by 41
On properties of the iterative maximum likelihood reconstruction method
Mülthei, H. N., Schorr, B., & Törnig, W. (1989) · Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences · doi:10.1002/mma.1670110303 · Cited by 41
Maximum likelihood as a common computational framework in tomotherapy
Olivera, G., Shepard, D. M., Reckwerdt, P. J., Ruchala, K., Zachman, J., Fitchard, E., & Mackie, T. (1998) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/43/11/008 · Cited by 41
Evaluation of accelerated iterative x-ray CT image reconstruction using floating point graphics hardware
Kole, J. S., & Beekman, F. J. (2006) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/51/4/008 · Cited by 41
Bayesian estimation for homogeneous and inhomogeneous Gaussian random fields
Aykroyd, R. G. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.682182 · Cited by 41
Image-Reconstruction of Data from Super PETT I: A First-Generation Time-of-Flight Positron-Emission Tomograph
Politte, D. G., Hoffman, G. R., Beecher, D. E., Ficke, D. C., Holmes, T. J., & Ter-Pogossian, M. M. (1986) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.1986.4337136 · Cited by 41
Data redundancy and reduced-scan reconstruction in reflectivity tomography
Pan, X., Zou, Y. S., & Anastasio, M. A. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2003.814244 · Cited by 41
A Review on Low-Dose Emission Tomography Post-Reconstruction Denoising With Neural Network Approaches
Bousse, A., Kandarpa, V. S. S., Shi, K., Gong, K., Lee, J. S., Liu, C., & Visvikis, D. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences · doi:10.1109/trpms.2023.3349194 · Cited by 46
Analytic Comparison Between X-Ray Fluorescence CT and K-Edge CT
Feng, P., Cong, W., Wei, B., & Wang, G. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2294677 · Cited by 40
Restoration of Poisson noise corrupted digital images with nonlinear PDE based filters along with the choice of regularization parameter estimation
Srivastava, R., & Srivastava, S. (2013) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2013.03.026 · Cited by 40
3D measurement of temperature and metal vapor concentration in MIG arc plasma using a multidirectional spectroscopic method
Nomura, K., Yoshii, K., Toda, K., Kohei, M., Hirata, Y., & Asai, S. (2017) · Journal of Physics D Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aa8793 · Cited by 40
Reliable Analysis of the Interaction between Specific Ligands and Immobilized Beta-2-Adrenoceptor by Adsorption Energy Distribution
Li, Q., Ning, X., An, Y., Stanley, B. J., Liang, Y., Wang, J., Zeng, K., Fei, F., Liu, T., Sun, H., et al. (2018) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00214 · Cited by 40
ASNC IMAGING GUIDELINES FOR NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY PROCEDURES Single photon-emission computed tomography
Holly, T. A., Abbott, B., Al-Mallah, M. H., Calnon, D. A., Cohen, M. C., DiFilippo, F. P., Ficaro, E. P., Freeman, M., Hendel, R. C., Leonard, S. M., et al. (2010) · Cited by 40
Recent advances in iterative reconstruction for clinical SPECT/PET and CT
Hutton, B. F. (2011) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.3109/0284186x.2011.580001 · Cited by 40
Spatial-spectral modulating snapshot hyperspectral imager
Johnson, W. R., Wilson, D. W., & Bearman, G. (2006) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.45.001898 · Cited by 40
Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Kapadia, A., Sharma, A. C., Tourassi, G. D., Bender, J. E., Howell, C. R., Crowell, A. S., Kiser, M. R., Harrawood, B. P., Pedroni, R. S., & Floyd, C. E. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.2007.909847 · Cited by 40
Effective Emission Tomography Image Reconstruction Algorithms for SPECT Data
Ramı́rez, J., Górriz, J. M., Gómez-Río, M. M., Romero, A. E., Chaves, R., Lassl, A., Rodríguez, A., Puntonet, C. G., Theis, F. J., & Lang, E. W. (2008) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69384-0_79 · Cited by 40
On methods for maximum a posteriori image reconstruction with a normal prior
Herman, G. T., Pierro, Á. R. D., & Gai, N. (1992) · Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation · doi:10.1016/1047-3203(92)90035-r · Cited by 40
Background estimation in nonlinear image restoration
van Kempen, G. M. P., & A, L. J. V. V. (2000) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.17.000425 · Cited by 40
Statistical image reconstruction in PET with compensation for missing data
Kinahan, P. E., Fessler, J. A., & Karp, J. S. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.632729 · Cited by 40
Evaluation of maximum-likelihood based attenuation correction in positron emission tomography
Nuyts, J. L., Dupont, P. J., Stroobants, S. G., Maes, A., Mortelmans, L., & Suetens, P. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.790847 · Cited by 40
An unfolding method based on conditional invertible neural networks (cINN) using iterative training
Backes, M. J., Butter, A., Dunford, M., & Malaescu, B. (2024) · SciPost Physics Core · doi:10.21468/scipostphyscore.7.1.007 · Cited by 39
Order of Magnitude Sensitivity Increase in X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) Imaging With an Optimized Spectro-Spatial Detector Configuration: Theory and Simulation
Ahmad, M. U., Bazalova‐Carter, M., Xiang, L., & Xing, L. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2305101 · Cited by 39
PET Image Reconstruction
Wübbeling, F. (2012) · Series in medical physics and biomedical engineering · doi:10.1201/b11859-5 · Cited by 39
SiPM based preclinical PET/MR insert for a human 3T MR: first imaging experiments
Schulz, V., Weissler, B., Gebhardt, P., Solf, T., Lerche, C. W., Fischer, P., Ritzert, M., Mlotok, V., Piemonte, C., Goldschmidt, B., et al. (2011) · IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) · doi:10.1109/nssmic.2011.6152496 · Cited by 39
Improvement of image resolution and quantitative accuracy in clinical Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Beekman, F. J., Kamphuis, C., King, M. A., van Rijk, P. P., & Viergever, M. A. (2001) · Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics · doi:10.1016/s0895-6111(00)00064-1 · Cited by 39
Brain Single-Photon Emission CT Physics Principles
Accorsi, R. (2008) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1175 · Cited by 39
Computation in electron microscopy
Kirkland, E. J. (2015) · Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances · doi:10.1107/s205327331501757x · Cited by 39
Restoration of interferometric images
Correia, S., Carbillet, M., Boccacci, P., Bertero, M., & Fini, L. (2002) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020370 · Cited by 39
Bayesian image reconstruction in positron emission tomography
Chen, C.-T., Johnson, V. E., Wong, W. H., Hu, X. P., & Metz, C. E. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.106690 · Cited by 39
Imaging of the human torso using cone-beam transmission CT implemented on a rotating gamma camera.
Manglos, S. H., Bassano, D. A., Fd, T., & Zd, G. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 39
Measuring the Universe
Rieke, G. H. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511980497 · Cited by 38
Noise propagation for iterative penalized-likelihood image reconstruction based on Fisher information
Li, Y. (2011) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/4/013 · Cited by 38
Emission tomography in flame diagnostics
Denisova, N. V., Tretyakov, P. K., & Tupikin, A. V. (2012) · Combustion and Flame · doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.11.005 · Cited by 38
Development of XFCT imaging strategy for monitoring the spatial distribution of platinum‐based chemodrugs: Instrumentation and phantom validation
Kuang, Y., Pratx, G., Bazalova‐Carter, M., Qian, J., Meng, B., & Xing, L. (2013) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.4789917 · Cited by 38
The maximum likelihood reconstruction method for JET neutron tomography
Craciunescu, T., Bonheure, G., Kiptily, V., Murari, A., Soare, S., Tiseanu, I., & Zoita, V. (2008) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.07.145 · Cited by 38
Compact multi-aperture imaging with high angular resolution
Carles, G., Muyo, G. D., Bustin, N., Wood, A., & Harvey, A. R. (2015) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.32.000411 · Cited by 38
Technical Pitfalls and Limitations of SPECT/CT
Livieratos, L. (2015) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2015.06.002 · Cited by 38
Evaluation of bias and variance in low-count OSEM list mode reconstruction
Jian, Y., Planeta, B. M., & Carson, R. E. (2014) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/1/15 · Cited by 38
The effect of isoflurane on 18F-FDG uptake in the rat brain: a fully conscious dynamic PET study using motion compensation
Spangler‐Bickell, M. G., de Laat, B., Fulton, R., Bormans, G. M., & Nuyts, J. L. (2016) · EJNMMI Research · doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0242-3 · Cited by 38
Design of a very high-resolution small animal PET scanner using a silicon scatter detector insert
Park, S.-J., Rogers, W. L., & Clinthorne, N. H. (2007) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/15/019 · Cited by 38
Performance evaluation of a very high resolution small animal PET imager using silicon scatter detectors
Park, S.-J., Rogers, W. L., Huh, S. S., Kagan, H., Honscheid, K., Burdette, D. J., Chesi, E., Lacasta, C., Llosa, G., Mikuž, M., et al. (2007) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/10/012 · Cited by 38
A First Course in Optimization
Byrne, C. L. (2014) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17264 · Cited by 38
Maximum-likelihood estimation: a mathematical model for quantitation in nuclear medicine.
Müller, S. P., Kijewski, M. F., Moore, S. C., & Holman, B. L. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 38
GPU accelerated rotation-based emission tomography reconstruction
Pedemonte, S., Bousse, A., Erlandsson, K., Marc Modat, A., Arridge, S., Hutton, B. F., & Sebastien Ourselin, A. (2010) · IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) · doi:10.1109/nssmic.2010.5874272 · Cited by 38
Bayesian Image Processing in Two Dimensions
Hart, H. E., & Liang, Z. (1987) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.1987.4307828 · Cited by 38
3-D maximum a posteriori estimation for single photon emission computed tomography on massively-parallel computers
Miller, M. I., & Butler, C. (1993) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.241884 · Cited by 38
Correction of nonuniform attenuation and image fusion in SPECT imaging by means of separate X-ray CT
Kashiwagi, T., Yutani, K., Fukuchi, M., Naruse, H., Iwasaki, T., Yokozuka, K., Inoue, S., & Kondo, S. (2002) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03000104 · Cited by 38
Image Restoration in Fluorescence Microscopy
van Kempen, G. M. P. (1999) · Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) · Cited by 38
Proton therapy monitoring: spatiotemporal emission reconstruction with prompt gamma timing and implementation with PET detectors
Pennazio, F., Ferrero, V., D’Onghia, G., Garbolino, S., Fiorina, E., Villarreal, O. A. M., Milián, F. M., Monaco, V., Monti, V., Patera, A., et al. (2022) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ac5765 · Cited by 37
Quantitative accuracy of MAP reconstruction for dynamic PET imaging in small animals
Cheng, J.-C. K., Shoghi, K. I., & Laforest, R. A. (2012) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.3678489 · Cited by 37
Optimized Detector Angular Configuration Increases the Sensitivity of X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT)
Ahmad, M. U., Bazalova‐Carter, M., Fahrig, R., & Xing, L. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2376813 · Cited by 37
A novel iterative reconstruction algorithm allows reduced dose multidetector-row CT imaging of mechanical prosthetic heart valves
Habets, J., Symersky, P., de Mol, B. A. J. M., Mali, W. P. T. M., Leiner, T., & Budde, R. P. J. (2011) · International journal of cardiac imaging · doi:10.1007/s10554-011-9954-7 · Cited by 37
Imaging of nano-seeded nucleation in cement pastes by X-ray diffraction tomography
Artioli, G., Valentini, L., Dalconi, M. C., Parisatto, M., Voltolini, M., Russo, V., & Ferrari, G. (2014) · International Journal of Materials Research (formerly Zeitschrift fuer Metallkunde) · doi:10.3139/146.111049 · Cited by 37
Initial performance evaluation of a high resolution Albira small animal positron emission tomography scanner with monolithic crystals and depth-of-interaction encoding from a user's perspective
Balcerzyk, M., Kontaxakis, G., Delgado, M., García‐García, L., Correcher, C., González, A. J., González, A. V., Rubio, J. L., Benlloch, J., & Pozo, M. A. (2009) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0957-0233/20/10/104011 · Cited by 37
Combined Reconstruction and Motion Correction in SPECT Imaging
Schumacher, H., Jan Modersitzki, C., & Fischer, B. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.2008.2007907 · Cited by 37
Similarity-regulation of OS-EM for accelerated SPECT reconstruction
Vaissier, P. E. B., Beekman, F. J., & Goorden, M. C. (2016) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/11/4300 · Cited by 37
Monitoring of Hadrontherapy Treatments by Means of Charged Particle Detection
Muraro, S., Battistoni, G., Collamati, F., Lucia, E. D., Faccini, R., Ferroni, F., Fiore, S., Frallicciardi, P. M., Marafini, M., Mattei, I., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2016.00177 · Cited by 37
Radiation measurement and imaging using 3D position sensitive pixelated CZT detector
Kim, Y., Lee, T., & Lee, W. (2019) · Nuclear Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.net.2019.03.009 · Cited by 37
Biomedical Image Reconstruction: From the Foundations to Deep Neural Networks
McCann, M. T., & Unser, M. A. (2019) · Foundations and Trends® in Signal Processing · doi:10.1561/2000000101 · Cited by 42
DUG-RECON: A Framework for Direct Image Reconstruction Using Convolutional Generative Networks
Kandarpa, V. S. S., Bousse, A., Benoit, D., & Visvikis, D. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences · doi:10.1109/trpms.2020.3033172 · Cited by 37
A Parallel Quadratic Programming Algorithm for Model Predictive Control
Brand, M., Shilpiekandula, V., Chen, Y., Bortoff, S. A., Nishiyama, T., Yoshikawa, S., & Iwasaki, T. (2011) · IFAC Proceedings Volumes · doi:10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.03222 · Cited by 37
Three‐dimensional imaging of ventilation dynamics in asthmatics using multiecho projection acquisition with constrained reconstruction
Holmes, J. H., O’Halloran, R., Brodsky, E. K., Bley, T. A., François, C. J., Velikina, J., Sorkness, R. L., Busse, W. W., & Fain, S. B. (2009) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.22150 · Cited by 37
Theoretical and Numerical Study of MLEM and OSEM Reconstruction Algorithms for Motion Correction in Emission Tomography
Dey, J., & King, M. A. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.2009.2021765 · Cited by 37
Fully 3D iterative scatter-corrected OSEM for HRRT PET using a GPU
Kim, K. S., & Ye, J. C. (2011) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/15/021 · Cited by 37
Non-invasive measurement of left ventricular volumes and function by gated positron emission tomography
Boyd, H., Gunn, R. N., Marinho, N. V. S., Karwatowski, S. P., Bailey, D. L., Costa, D. C., & Camici, P. G. (1996) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/bf01249622 · Cited by 36
A simple model for the efficient correction of collimator blur in 3D SPECT imaging
Boccacci, P., Bonetto, P., Calvini, P., & Formiconi, A. R. (1999) · Inverse Problems · doi:10.1088/0266-5611/15/4/306 · Cited by 37
Maximum a posteriori estimation for SPECT using regularization techniques on massively parallel computers
Butler, C., & Miller, M. I. (1993) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.222671 · Cited by 37
Event-averaged maximum likelihood estimation and mean-field theory in multitarget tracking
Kastella, K. D. (1995) · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · doi:10.1109/9.388686 · Cited by 36
Image recovery from correlations
Schulz, T. J., & Snyder, D. L. (1992) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.9.001266 · Cited by 37
Nonparametric regression sinogram smoothing using a roughness-penalized Poisson likelihood objective function
Rivière, P. J. L., & Pan, X. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.876303 · Cited by 37
Demonstration of two-dimensional time-encoded imaging of fast neutrons
Brennan, J. S., Brubaker, E., Gerling, M. D., Marleau, P. A., McMillan, K. L., Nowack, A., Galloudec, N. R.-L., & Sweany, M. (2015) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.08.076 · Cited by 36
On EM algorithms and their proximal generalizations
Chrétien, S., & Hero, A. O. (2008) · ESAIM Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1051/ps:2007041 · Cited by 36
Proton therapy monitoring by Compton imaging: influence of the large energy spectrum of the prompt- γ radiation
Hilaire, E., Sarrut, D., Peyrin, F., & Maxim, V. (2016) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/8/3127 · Cited by 36
Low dose PET reconstruction with total variation regularization
Wang, C., Hu, Z., Shi, P., & Liu, H. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6943986 · Cited by 36
Low‐dose CT reconstruction using spatially encoded nonlocal penalty
Kim, K., Fakhri, G. E., & Li, Q. (2017) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1002/mp.12523 · Cited by 36
Anisotropic nano-scale resolution in 3D Bragg coherent diffraction imaging
Cherukara, M. J., Cha, W., & Harder, R. (2018) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.5055235 · Cited by 36
Monte Carlo simulation of digital photon counting PET
Salvadori, J., Labour, J., Odille, F., Marie, P., Badel, J., Imbert, L., & Sarrut, D. (2020) · EJNMMI Physics · doi:10.1186/s40658-020-00288-w · Cited by 36
Optimization of iterative reconstruction parameters with attenuation correction, scatter correction and resolution recovery in myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT
Okuda, K., Nakajima, K., Yamada, M., Wakabayashi, H., Ichikawa, H., Arai, H., Matsuo, S., Taki, J., HASHIMOTO, M. W., & Kinuya, S. (2013) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12149-013-0785-6 · Cited by 36
Compensation of Missing Wedge Effects with Sequential Statistical Reconstruction in Electron Tomography
Paavolainen, L., Acar, E., Tuna, U., Peltonen, S., Moriya, T., Soonsawad, P., Marjomäki, V., Cheng, R. H., & Ruotsalainen, U. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108978 · Cited by 36
Improved image quality in digital mammography with image processing
Baydush, A. H., & Floyd, C. E. (2000) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.599016 · Cited by 36
Time-of-flight positron emission tomography using liquid xenon scintillation
Doke, T., Kikuchi, J., & Nishikido, F. (2006) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.07.067 · Cited by 36
Fast Algorithms and Efficient GPU Implementations for the Radon Transform and the Back-Projection Operator Represented as Convolution Operators
Андерссон, Ф., Carlsson, M., & Nikitin, V. (2016) · SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences · doi:10.1137/15m1023762 · Cited by 36
Performance evaluation of a high resolution dedicated breast PET scanner
García-Hernández, T., González, A. V., Rebolleda, J. F., Jurado, R. S., Ferrando, J. R., González, L. B., Cabañero, D. G., & Cozar, M. (2016) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.4945271 · Cited by 36
Improvement of brain perfusion SPET using iterative reconstruction with scatter and non-uniform attenuation correction
Kauppinen, T., Koskinen, M. O., Sakari Alenius, B., Vanninen, E. J., & Kuikka, J. T. (2000) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s002590000291 · Cited by 36
Reconstruction of multi-energy X-ray computed tomography images of laboratory mice
Gleason, S. S., Sari‐Sarraf, H., Paulus, M. J., Johnson, D. K., Norton, S. J., & Abidi, M. A. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.790832 · Cited by 36
Superresolved tomography by convex projections and detector motion
Wernick, M. N., & Chen, C.-T. (1992) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.9.001547 · Cited by 36
Radioimaging of light chain amyloid with a fibril-reactive monoclonal antibody.
Wall, J. S., Kennel, S. J., Paulus, M., Gregor, J., Richey, T., Avenell, J. S., Yap, J. T., Townsend, D. W., Weiss, D. T., & Solomon, A. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 36
Developments with maximum likelihood X-ray computed tomography
Browne, J. A., & Holmes, T. (1992) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.126909 · Cited by 36

Authors: Shepp, L. A., & Vardi, Y.
Affiliations: AT&T (United States) (US)
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published: 1982-10
Volume: 1
Issue: 2
Pages: 113-122
ISSN: 0278-0062 (ISSN-L)
1558-254X
DOI: 10.1109/tmi.1982.4307558
OpenAlex: W2069629287
Cited by: 4,429
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 74 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 117 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 154 · 2019: 153 · 2018: 137 · 2017: 142 · 2016: 152 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 167 · 2013: 182 · 2012: 176
FWCI: 10.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)
Locations: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Mathematical Physics › Numerical methods in inverse problems
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Image and Signal Denoising Methods
Keywords: emission tomography, maximum likelihood reconstruction, expectation-maximization algorithm, Poisson likelihood, tomographic reconstruction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction for Emission Tomography

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks