CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 279Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentChild Abuse and TraumaPsychology and Mental Health

Reciprocal influences between girls' conduct problems and depression, and parental punishment and warmth: a six year prospective analysis

Open access
Hipwell, Alison, Keenan, Kate, Kasza, Kristen, Loeber, Rolf, Stouthamer-Loeber, Magda, Bean, Tammy·2008·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
DOI 10.1007/s10802-007-9206-4PMC PMC2572202
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although the reciprocal effects of parenting and child behavior have long been recognized, the emphasis of empirical study in the field of developmental psychopathology has been on parenting effects on children. For girls in particular, little is known about unique parenting effects on conduct problems in comparison to depression, or vice versa. In the current study, data from the large-scale (n = 2,451) Pittsburgh Girls Study were used to examine the reciprocal relations between parenting and child behavior over a six year period (child ages 7-12 years). Girls and their caregivers (85% of whom were biological mothers) were interviewed annually in their homes. Girls reported on symptoms of conduct disorder and depression, and caregivers reported on level of parent-child warmth and use of harsh punishment. The results of generalized estimating equation regression models demonstrated that both parenting behaviors were uniquely predictive of changes in girls' conduct problems and depressed mood. When the effects of race and poverty on these associations were controlled for, both parenting effects on girls' conduct problems remained significant, but only low parental warmth remained as a significant predictor of depressed mood. Girls' conduct problems, but not depressed mood, predicted changes in harsh punishment over time. The small effect of girls' depressed mood, on changes in parental warmth, was further weakened when socio-demographic factors were also included in the model.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s10802-007-9206-4

Cites

108 of 108 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Harsh parenting or low warmth increases the risk of depressed mood and conduct problems in offspring.

    “Parents who exhibit harsh parenting techniques or display low levels of warmth towards their children have been found to increase the risk of developing depressed mood and conduct problems for their offspring (Hipwell et al. 2008;Young et al. 1995).”

    From The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as Hipwell et al. 2008

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Hipwell, A., Keenan, K., Kasza, K., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Bean, T.
Affiliations
  • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
  • University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Hipwell, Alison
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2008-01-03
Volume
36
Issue
5
Pages
663-677
ISSN
  • 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-2835
DOI
10.1007/s10802-007-9206-4
PMC
PMC2572202
OpenAlex
W2076510518
Cited by
279
References
106
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 19
FWCI
17.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH071790)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords
reciprocal effects, parenting, conduct problems, depression, parental punishment, parental warmth, girls, conduct disorder, depressive mood, Pittsburgh Girls Study, child behavior, race, poverty
MeSH terms
Black or African American, Child, Child Abuse, Depression, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Parent-Child Relations, Pennsylvania, Prospective Studies, Punishment, Statistics as Topic, Urban Population, Parenting, Conduct Disorder, Black People, White People

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review