Cited by 230Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentCognitive Abilities and Testing

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Analytic and Heuristic Processing Influences on Adolescent Reasoning and Decision-Making

Klaczynski, Paul A·2001·Child Development

DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00319

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Abstract

The normative/descriptive gap is the discrepancy between actual reasoning and traditional standards for reasoning. The relationship between age and the normative/descriptive gap was examined by presenting adolescents with a battery of reasoning and decision-making tasks. Middle adolescents (N= 76) performed closer to normative ideals than early adolescents (N=66), although the normative/descriptive gap was large for both groups. Correlational analyses revealed that (1) normative responses correlated positively with each other, (2) nonnormative responses were positively interrelated, and (3) normative and nonnormative responses were largely independent. Factor analyses suggested that performance was based on two processing systems. The “analytic” system operates on “decontextualized” task representations and underlies conscious, computational reasoning. The “heuristic” system operates on “contextualized,” content-laden representations and produces “cognitively cheap” responses that sometimes conflict with traditional norms. Analytic processing was more clearly linked to age and to intelligence than heuristic processing. Implications for cognitive development, the competence/performance issue, and rationality are discussed.

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Authors: Klaczynski, P. A.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author: Klaczynski, Paul A
ORCID: Klaczynski, Paul A
Venue: Child Development
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2001-05-01
Volume: 72
Issue: 3
Pages: 844-861
ISSN: 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
1467-8624
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00319
OpenAlex: W2005819009
Cited by: 230
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 4.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 637 d)
Locations: Child Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: decision-making, analytical processing, heuristic processing, cognitive development, age differences, intelligence, rationality, competence versus performance, dual-process models
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Awareness, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Development, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Reference Values

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Analytic and Heuristic Processing Influences on Adolescent Reasoning and Decision-Making

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