An evaluation of dual-process theories of reasoning

Osman, Magda

doi:10.3758/bf03196730

Cited by 444Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsCognitive Science and Education ResearchClinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills

An evaluation of dual-process theories of reasoning

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Osman, Magda·2004·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

DOI 10.3758/bf03196730

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Abstract

Current theories propose that reasoning comprises two underlying systems (Evans & Over, 1996; Sloman, 1996; Stanovich & West, 2000). The systems are identified as having functionally distinct roles, differ according to the type of information encoded, vary according to the level of expressible knowledge, and result in different responses. This article evaluates the arguments and the evidence from a select number of key tasks that have been supportive of dual-reasoning theorists' proposals. The review contrasts the dualist approach with a single-system framework that conjectures that different types of reasoning arise through the graded properties of the representations that are utilized while reasoning, and the different functional roles that consciousness has in cognition. The article concludes by arguing in favor of the alternative framework, which attempts to unify thedifferent forms of reasoning identified by dual-process theorists under a single system.

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“The accumulating evidence that people formulate verbal constructions only after they have implicitly made decisions7 also calls into question the efficacy of cognitive targets of standard interventions.”
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Authors: Osman, M.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Osman, Magda
ORCID: Osman, Magda
Venue: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-12
Volume: 11
Issue: 6
Pages: 988-1010
ISSN: 1069-9384 (ISSN-L)
1531-5320
DOI: 10.3758/bf03196730
OpenAlex: W2022112401
Cited by: 444
References: 243
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 3.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Economic and Social Research Council
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Keywords: dual-process theory, reasoning, dual-process models, representational properties
MeSH terms: Humans, Models, Psychological, Problem Solving

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An evaluation of dual-process theories of reasoning

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