Cited by 45Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Mindfulness as a Strategy for Coping with Cue‐Elicited Cravings for Alcohol: An Experimental Examination

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Murphy, Cara M., MacKillop, James·2014·Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

Abstract

Background: Mindfulness has been identified as a promising strategy for managing cravings for alcohol and other drugs, but little controlled experimental research has directly studied whether this approach is effective. The current study systematically examined the effects of an acute mindfulness manipulation on craving for alcohol during prolonged exposure to alcohol cues. Methods: Heavy drinkers (N = 84, 50% male) underwent a prolonged alcohol cue exposure paradigm in a simulated bar environment and received either a mindfulness‐based strategy, a distraction (DST)‐based strategy (active control), or no strategy (passive control) to cope with alcohol cravings and discomfort associated with craving. Results: No baseline differences were present between conditions. Manipulation checks revealed that participants in the 2 active conditions reported using the recommended strategies. Across groups, the initial exposure to alcohol cues was associated with significant increases in craving, urge distress, and heart rate. Mixed analyses of variance on these indices following the experimental manipulation revealed significant differences based on condition over the course of the bar laboratory protocol. The DST strategy was significantly more effective at acutely reducing craving and urge distress than the other 2 conditions, which did not significantly differ from each other. Conclusions: Contrary to our prediction, these findings suggest that an acute DSTstrategy is beneficial for coping with alcohol cravings. The potential importance of protracted mindfulness training to detect significant effects on in vivo craving, additional implications, and methodological considerations are discussed.

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  • When MBIs were compared to a distraction strategy or passive control or suppression condition, there were no overall differences between groups.

    “When MBIs were compared to a distraction strategy or passive control or suppression condition (54, 65), there were no overall differences between groups.”

    From Mindfulness-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Substance and Behavioral Addictions: A Systematic Review (2018) · cites this paper as [54]

    The Abstract (Results) reports significant differences between conditions: distraction reduced craving and urge distress more than mindfulness or no strategy. The Discussion likewise says the distraction group managed craving significantly better than both other groups. This paper did not test a suppression condition. (LLM, conf=0.92)

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  • Mindfulness training by itself may not be enough to handle the stress of nicotine withdrawal unless working memory capacity or distress tolerance is also targeted.

    “The result is that without additional targeting of WMC or DT vulnerability factors, mindfulness training alone may be inadequate to reliably overcome the stressful conditions of nicotine withdrawal (e.g., Murphy & MacKillop, 2014).”

    From A randomized controlled trial protocol for engaging distress tolerance and working memory to aid smoking cessation in low socioeconomic status (SES) adults (2020) · cites this paper as Murphy & MacKillop, 2014

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that an acute mindfulness strategy was not significantly better at reducing alcohol craving or urge-related distress, supporting the narrower point that mindfulness may not suffice for acute cravings. The study did not test nicotine withdrawal or whether targeting working memory capacity (WMC) or distress tolerance (DT) improves outcomes. It also cautions that its brief mindfulness instructions may not reflect the effects of more extensive training. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  1. Babor TF De La Fuente JR Saunders J Grant M The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Health Care 1992 World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland

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Authors
Murphy, C. M., & MacKillop, J.
Affiliations
University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author
MacKillop, James
Venue
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-01-15
Volume
38
Issue
4
Pages
1134-1142
ISSN
  • 0145-6008 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-0277
OpenAlex
W2081164683
Cited by
45
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
FWCI
4.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (K23 AA016936)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
mindfulness, alcohol craving, alcohol cue exposure, distraction techniques, heavy drinkers, heart rate, alcoholism
MeSH terms
Acoustic Stimulation, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Cues, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Behavior, Addictive, Young Adult, Mindfulness, Craving

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