Mindfulness and craving: effects and mechanisms
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation has a long tradition of being used to manage cravings. This paper reviews 30 experimental studies that have examined the effects of different types of mindfulness practice on cravings for food, cigarettes and alcohol. The findings are interpreted in light of relevant theories of craving. The studies show most support for the elaborated intrusion theory of desire and conditioning models. They suggest that whilst mindfulness strategies may bring about immediate reductions in craving, such effects are likely to stem from working memory load, and will not necessarily be superior to alternative strategies that also load working memory. Likewise, reductions in craving over the medium term may occur due to extinction processes that result from the individual inhibiting craving-related responses. Again, alternative strategies that promote response suppression may be equally effective. Nevertheless, a smaller number of studies show promising results where mindfulness exercises have been repeatedly practiced over a longer period of time. The results of these studies provide tentative support for Buddhist models of craving that suggest mindfulness practice may confer unique benefits in terms of both craving reduction and reducing the extent to which craving leads to consumption. Further research would be needed to confirm this.
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Mindfulness has a positive impact on reducing alcohol-related distress and the urge to use alcohol.
“Additionally, Tapper’s review analysis supports mindfulness’s positive impact on reducing alcohol-related distress and the urge to use alcohol, reinforcing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in addressing cravings and promoting healthier coping mechanisms. 12”
From Enhancing Emotion Regulation and Overcoming Craving in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome Through Mindfulness-based Relapse Prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Cravings play a crucial role in alcohol relapse.
“Alcohol addiction has high relapse rates, with around 80% of relapse within a year of discharge, 10 with cravings playing a crucial role, making them a valuable target for influencing behaviors.11-13”
From Enhancing Emotion Regulation and Overcoming Craving in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome Through Mindfulness-based Relapse Prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Tapper, K.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Tapper, Katy
- ORCID
- Tapper, Katy
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 59
- Pages
- 101-117
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2768389452
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, craving, food cravings, cigarette craving, alcohol craving, working memory load, extinction, response suppression, craving reduction
- MeSH terms
- Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Food, Humans, Behavior, Addictive, Mindfulness, Craving
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