The risk for persistent adult alcohol and nicotine dependence: the role of childhood maltreatment: Child maltreatment and substance persistence
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Alcohol and nicotine dependence are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, especially when cases are persistent. The risk for alcohol and nicotine dependence is increased by childhood maltreatment. However, the influence of childhood maltreatment on dependence course is unknown, and is evaluated in the current study. DESIGN: Physical, sexual and emotional abuse, and physical and emotional neglect, were evaluated as predictors of persistent alcohol and nicotine dependence over 3 years of follow-up, with and without control for other childhood adversities. SETTING: National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). PARTICIPANTS: NESARC participants completing baseline and follow-up who met criteria at baseline for past-year alcohol dependence (n = 1172) and nicotine dependence (n = 4017). MEASUREMENTS: Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS) measures of alcohol/nicotine dependence, childhood maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences (e.g. parental divorce). FINDINGS: Controlling for demographics only, physical, sexual and emotional abuse and physical neglect predicted 3-year persistence of alcohol dependence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.50-2.99; 95% CI = 1.04-4.68] and nicotine dependence (AOR = 1.37-1.74; 95% CI = 1.13-2.11). With other childhood adversities also controlled, maltreatment types remained predictive for alcohol persistence (AOR = 1.53-3.02; 95% CI = 1.07-4.71) and nicotine persistence (AOR = 1.35-1.72; 95% CI = 1.11-2.09). Further, a greater number of maltreatment types incrementally influenced persistence risk (AOR = 1.19-1.36; 95% CI = 1.11-1.56). CONCLUSIONS: A history of childhood maltreatment predicts persistent adult alcohol and nicotine dependence. This association, robust to control for other childhood adversities, suggests that maltreatment (rather than a generally difficult childhood) affects the course of dependence.
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Interpersonal violence exposure, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, and domestic violence, raises later psychological risk more than other forms of adversity.
“Exposure to interpersonal violence, such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, and domestic violence, particularly increases the risk of later psychological problems compared to other adversity [1, 9].”
From Interventions for prevention and treatment of substance use in youth with traumatic childhood experiences: a systematic review and synthesis of the literature (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
The Results (page unavailable) link childhood physical and sexual abuse to persistence of alcohol and nicotine dependence after controlling for other childhood adversities. But the paper does not establish increased risk of psychological problems generally or a greater effect than other adversities. The Methods (page unavailable) classify witnessing serious fights at home—potential domestic violence—as an other adversity, not as one of the abuse exposures tested. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAccording to the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, all types of abuse and physical neglect predicted alcohol and nicotine addiction, also controlled for other childhood adversities.
“According to the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions [48], all types of abuse and physical neglect predicted alcohol and nicotine addiction, also controlled for other childhood adversities.”
From Associations of childhood trauma with long-term diseases and alcohol and nicotine use disorders in Czech and Slovak representative samples (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Elliott, J. C., Stohl, M., Wall, M. M., Keyes, K. M., Goodwin, R. D., Skodol, A. E., Krueger, R. F., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Department of Epidemiology; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hasin, Deborah S.
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-02-16
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 842-850
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3984602
- OpenAlex
- W2145163718
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 12.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U01AA018111, K01AA021511, K05AA014223)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA031099)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- child abuse, nicotine dependence, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, adverse childhood experiences, parental divorce
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder, Logistic Models, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult
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