Provision of meaningful care at diagnosis, birth, and after stillbirth: A qualitative synthesis of parents’ experiences
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The care provided to parents experiencing stillbirth can have significant and lasting impacts on their immediate and long-term psychological well being. The aim of this qualitative synthesis was to investigate parents' experiences of care received during and after stillbirth. METHODS: Qualitative findings extracted from 20 included studies were pooled using a meta-aggregative approach. RESULTS: Four meta-syntheses encompassing parents' experiences of care at diagnosis of stillbirth, induction and birth, immediately postbirth and onwards, revealed care strategies that parents appreciated and found helpful, and also actions and behaviors that were distressing. Helpful strategies included a warm and sensitive communication style, provision of clear and understandable information, shared decision making, and respect for individual needs and preferences. Parents appreciated guidance from health care professionals about seeing and holding, including being prepared for their baby's possible appearance, information on how to spend time with their baby, and collection of memorabilia. After stillbirth, offers of follow-up care, including referrals for professional support, were appreciated. CONCLUSIONS: Care received during and after stillbirth may have lasting impacts on parents' future well being. Health care professionals may aid in improving parents' well being after stillbirth by providing care that is cognizant of parents' emotional states. Care strategies arising from the findings of this review are suggested.
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Parents in this survey placed an emphasis on making memories as part of the hospital experience and expressed regret at not making memories or wished they would have made more memories.
“Clearly, the parents in this survey, as with parents in other studies [e.g., (10, 15, 19, 26, 27)], placed an emphasis on making memories as part of the hospital experience and have expressed regret at not making memories or wished they would have made more memories (28, 29).”
From Parent hospital experiences following stillbirth (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
Sensitive and timely communication of relevant information about the birthing process from healthcare providers is helpful and important to bereaved parents.
“Research shows that sensitive and timely communication of relevant information about the birthing process from healthcare providers is helpful and important to bereaved parents (15, 19, 27).”
From Parent hospital experiences following stillbirth (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
Parents have appreciated connections hospitals had with external support groups and these support groups are helpful.
“Previous literature indicated parents have appreciated connections hospitals had with external support groups and that these support groups are helpful (19, 27, 30).”
From Parent hospital experiences following stillbirth (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
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Eklund, M. V., Hansen, J., Hammer, A., O’Connor, M., Prinds, C., & Hvidtjørn, D. (2025) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2025.104515 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Wong, K. Y., & Ng, N. C. (2021) · Hong Kong Journal of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Midwifery · doi:10.12809/hkjgom.21.1.03 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Kremkow, J. M. D., & Lamberson, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1736265
Parent hospital experiences following stillbirth
Kremkow, J. M. D., & Lamberson, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1706931
Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, March/April 2017
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Pajkrt, E., van Leeuwen, E., Ras, L., Dekkers, F., Fisher, J., Emons, I., & Riedijk, S. R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823329-0.00008-8
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Avagliano, L., & Ferrara, R. (2022) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.31083/j.ceog4910221
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TANISAKI, N., & Tabuchi, N. (2023) · Journal of Japan Academy of Midwifery · doi:10.3418/jjam.jjam-2022-0041
Höglund, B., & Hildingsson, I. (2026) · European Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.18332/ejm/219001
Pant, S., Kelly, M. P., Morales, M. M., Thayyil, S., & Lavender, T. (2026) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004247
Stage-based bereavement support for parents after stillbirth: an umbrella review
Chen, L.-L., Tsai, C.-H., & Yang, C. (2026) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2026.2675706
Adewuya, A. O., Lebimoyo, A., Oladipo, O. E., Disu, E., Adewunmi, A. A., Makinde, O., & Agbara, J. O. (2026) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2026.100834
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- Authors
- Lisy, K., Peters, M. D. J., Riitano, D., Jordan, Z., & Aromataris, E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lisy, Karolina
- Venue
- Birth
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-01-22
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-19
- ISSN
- 0730-7659 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-536X
- OpenAlex
- W2316092631
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Birth (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Stillbirth Foundation Australia
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- stillbirth, parental experiences, perinatal care, shared decision-making, information provision, follow-up care, parental well-being, memorabilia, parent-infant bonding
- MeSH terms
- Communication, Decision Making, Fathers, Female, Humans, Male, Midwifery, Mothers, Obstetric Nursing, Obstetrics, Pregnancy, Professional-Family Relations, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Qualitative Research, Delivery, Obstetric, Stillbirth
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