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Sedimentary biomarkers reaffirm human impacts on northern Beringian ecosystems during the Last Glacial period

Vachula, Richard S., Huang, Yongsong, Russell, James M., Abbott, Mark B., Finkenbinder, Matthew S., O'Donnell, Jonathan A.·2020·Boreas
DOI 10.1111/bor.12449
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Abstract

Our understanding of the timing of human arrival to the Americas remains fragmented, despite decades of active research and debate. Genetic research has recently led to the ‘Beringian standstill hypothesis’ ( BSH ), which suggests an isolated group of humans lived somewhere in Beringia for millennia during the Last Glacial, before a subgroup migrated southward into the American continents about 14 ka. Recently published organic geochemical data suggest human presence around Lake E5 on the Alaskan North Slope during the Last Glacial; however, these biomarker proxies, namely faecal sterols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAH s), are relatively novel and require replication to bolster their support of the BSH . We present new analyses of these biomarkers in the sediment archive of Burial Lake (latitude 68°26′N, longitude 159°10′W m a.s.l.) in northwestern Alaska. Our analyses corroborate that humans were present in Beringia during the Last Glacial and that they likely promoted fire activity. Our data also suggest that humans coexisted with Ice Age megafauna for millennia prior to their eventual extinction at the end of the Last Glacial. Lastly, we identify fire as an overlooked ecological component of the mammoth steppe ecosystem.

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  • There is evidence for people in eastern Beringia in the form of biomarker data (faecal sterol molecular markers) from two lakes in arctic Alaska.

    “There is evidence for people in eastern Beringia in the form of biomarker data (faecal sterol molecular markers) from two lakes in arctic Alaska.”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [80]

  • Sediment cores from Burial Lake and Lake E-5 in the Brooks Range yield recurring peaks of a high coprostanol : stigmastanol ratio (greater than 0.18) in the 34.5-31.5-ka time range and later.

    “Sediment cores from Burial Lake and Lake E-5 in the Brooks Range yield recurring peaks of a high coprostanol : stigmastanol ratio (greater than 0.18) in the 34.5–31.5-ka time range and later.”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [80]

  • A small number of lakes that did not evaporate during the LGM have yielded biomarker evidence for people before and during the LGM.

    “Another focus of research in eastern Beringia is the small number of lakes (e.g. Burial Lake) that did not evaporate during the LGM, several of which have yielded biomarker evidence for people before and during the LGM [80,81].”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [80]

  • The cores also contain evidence for burning in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluxes and charcoal, another possible indicator of human activity in a region with limited lightning ignitions.

    “The cores also contain evidence for burning in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluxes and charcoal, another possible indicator of human activity in a region with limited lightning ignitions [80].”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [80]

  • The biomarker record from Burial Lake and Lake E-5 in eastern arctic Beringia suggests that people were present, at least periodically, during the LGM.

    “The biomarker record from Burial Lake and Lake E-5 in eastern arctic Beringia suggests that people were present, at least periodically, during the LGM, however and the Burial Lake record exhibits a sustained peak for both the coprostanol : stigmastanol ratio and PAH fluxes at approximately 24–23 ka [80].”

    From Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere (2023) · cites this paper as [80]

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Metadata

Authors
Vachula, R. S., Huang, Y., Russell, J. M., Abbott, M. B., Finkenbinder, M. S., & O'Donnell, J. A.
Affiliations
  • Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences Institute at Brown for Environment and Society Brown University Providence RI USA
  • Department of Geology and Environmental Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA
  • Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences Wilkes University Wilkes‐Barre PA USA
  • Arctic Network National Park Service Anchorage AK USA
ORCID
Vachula, Richard S.
Venue
Boreas
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-05-20
Volume
49
Issue
3
Pages
514-525
ISSN
  • 0300-9483
  • 1502-3885
DOI
10.1111/bor.12449
Cited by
33
References
4
Language
en
Licence
Funders
National Science Foundation (ARC‐0909545, PLR‐1503846)

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