Prospective follow-up of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into early adulthood: Continuing impairment includes elevated risk for suicide attempts and self-injury
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OBJECTIVE: We performed a 10-year prospective follow-up of a childhood-ascertained (6-12 years), ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; N = 140: combined type [ADHD-C] n = 93; inattentive type [ADHD-I] n = 47) plus a matched comparison group (N = 88). Girls were recruited from schools, mental health centers, pediatric practices, and via advertisements; extensive evaluations confirmed ADHD versus comparison status. METHOD: Ten-year outcomes (age range 17-24 years; retention rate = 95%) included symptoms (ADHD, externalizing, internalizing), substance use, eating pathology, self-perceptions, functional impairment (global, academic, service utilization), self-harm (suicide attempts, self-injury), and driving behavior. RESULTS: Participants with childhood-diagnosed ADHD continued to display higher rates of ADHD and comorbid symptoms, showed more serious impairment (both global and specific), and had higher rates of suicide attempts and self-injury than the comparison sample, with effect sizes from medium to very large; yet the groups did not differ significantly in terms of eating pathology, substance use, or driving behavior. ADHD-C and ADHD-I types rarely differed significantly, except for suicide attempts and self-injury, which were highly concentrated in ADHD-C. Domains of externalizing behavior, global impairment, service utilization, and self-harm (self-injury and suicide attempts) survived stringent control of crucial childhood covariates (age, demographics, comorbidities, IQ). CONCLUSIONS: Girls with childhood ADHD maintain marked impairment by early adulthood, spreading from symptoms to risk for serious self-harm. Our future research addresses the viability of different diagnostic conceptions of adult ADHD and their linkages with core life impairments.
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ADHD is diagnosed more often in males, but females with ADHD become notably impaired and develop comorbid disorders starting in adolescence.
“Although Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder shows (ADHD) male predominance, females are significantly impaired and exhibit additional comorbid disorders during adolescence.”
From Reproductive steroids and ADHD symptoms across the menstrual cycle (2018) · cites this paper as Hinshaw et al., 2012
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Annual Research Review: Optimal outcomes of child and adolescent mental illness
Costello, E. J., & Maughan, B. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12371 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“Follow-ups of female samples with ADHD paint a less optimistic picture (see, e.g., Hinshaw et al., 2012), with increased risks of CD/ODD, depression, anxiety, suicidality and self-harm in early in adulthood; we must await longer term follow-ups to know how far these risks persist to older ages.”
BackgroundBecker, S. P., Langberg, J. M., & Byars, K. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0248-y · Cited by 197 · see citing works
“…and mental health are interconnected in youth with ADHD during middle and older adolescence when rates of certain mental health problems such as conduct disorder (Merikangas et al. 2010), substance use (Molina and Pelham 2003), and depression/ suicidal ideation (Hinshaw et al. 2012) are higher.”
BackgroundMolina, B. S. G., & Pelham, W. E. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153722 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“A recent young adult follow-up study of girls with ADHD found higher internalizing composite scores on the adult form of the Achenbach behavior checklist, but not higher rates of depression symptoms or disorder per se (Hinshaw et al. 2012).”
BackgroundSolberg, B. S., Halmøy, A., Engeland, A., Igland, J., Haavik, J., & Klungsøyr, K. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12845 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Hoza, B., Smith, A. L., Shoulberg, E. K., Linnea, K. S., Dorsch, T. E., Blazo, J., Alerding, C. M., & McCabe, G. P. (2014) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-014-9929-y · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Kaisari, P., Dourish, C. T., & Higgs, S. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.002 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Historical Neuropsychological Perspective
Mahone, E. M., & DENCKLA, M. B. (2017) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617717000807 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“…considerable functional impairment in girls/women with ADHD, including persistent executive dysfunction (Miller, Loya, & Hinshaw, 2013), mood and externalizing disorders (Tung et al., 2016), and severe behavioral problems (i.e., suicide attempts, selfinjury) into adulthood (Hinshaw et al., 2012).”
Lorenzo, R. D., Balducci, J., Poppi, C., Arcolin, E., Cutino, A., Ferri, P., D’Amico, R., & Filippini, T. (2021) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2021.23 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Miller, M., Nevado-Montenegro, A. J., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9599-y · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationGender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children
Slobodin, O., & Davidovitch, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00441 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“, anxiety) in comparison to typically developing girls (Biederman et al., 2010; Hinshaw et al., 2012).”
BackgroundCherkasova, M. V., Roy, A., Molina, B. S. G., Scott, G., Weiss, G., Barkley, R. A., Biederman, J., Uchida, M., Hinshaw, S. P., Owens, E. B., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2021.05.019 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationDow-Edwards, D. L., MacMaster, F. P., Peterson, B. S., Niesink, R. J. M., Andersen, S. L., & Braams, B. R. (2019) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106834 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Hinshaw, S. P., Arnold, L. E., & For the MTA Cooperative Group (2014) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1324 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationLjung, T., Chen, Q., Lichtenstein, P., & Larsson, H. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.363 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Seymour, K. E., Chronis-Tuscano, A. M., Iwamoto, D. K., Kurdziel, G., & MacPherson, L. (2013) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9799-8 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“…not demonstrate a significant relationship between gender and ADHD symptoms, depression symptoms, or ER ability despite well-documented evidence of such associations within the literature (e.g., Hinshaw et al. 2012; Naninck et al. 2011; Nolen-Hoeksema 2012; Rucklidge 2010; Zahn-Waxler et al. 2008).”
BackgroundSeptier, M., Stordeur, C., Zhang, J., Delorme, R., & Cortese, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.022 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Baiden, P., Stewart, S. L., & Fallon, B. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.011 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Ruch, D. A., Heck, K. M., Sheftall, A. H., Fontanella, C. A., Stevens, J. H., Zhu, M., Horowitz, L. M., Campo, J. V., & Bridge, J. A. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.15683 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Swanson, E. N., Owens, E. B., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12193 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-injury and externalizing pathology: a systematic literature review
Mészáros, G., Horváth, L. O., & Balázs, J. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1326-y · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“Four of them studied ADHD versus non-ADHD groups, and found robust differences in the prevalence or incidence rates of self-injurious behaviours (self-injury [18, 30]; DSH [31]; DSP [12]).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTop problems of adolescents and young adults with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic
Sibley, M. H., Ortiz, M., Gaias, L. M., Reyes, R., Joshi, M., Alexander, D., & Graziano, P. A. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.009 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Asselmann, E., Wittchen, H. ‐., Lieb, R., & Beesdo‐Baum, K. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12792 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“, conduct problems/disorder (20, 22, 30), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (23, 28, 29), anxiety (13, 15, 16, 26), depressive (17, 21, 27), substance use (18, 24, 31), somatoform (32), or eating (33, 34) disorders), and additional studies are needed to prospectively examine associations between different types…”
BackgroundFuller‐Thomson, E., Lewis, D. A., & Agbeyaka, S. K. (2016) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12380 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“2006) and among women in particular (Rucklidge & Kaplan 1997; Hinshaw et al. 2012).”
Girls with childhood ADHD as adults: Cross-domain outcomes by diagnostic persistence.
Owens, E. B., Zalecki, C. A., Gillette, P., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000217 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“…those who have considered ADHD persistence (Hechtman et al., 2016), but robust associations between childhood ADHD and adult substance use are not typically demonstrated among females (Babinski, Pelham, Molina, Gnagy, et al., 2011; Biederman, Petty, Monuteaux, et al., 2010; Hinshaw et al., 2012).”
InfluentialSelf-citationPatterns of Comorbidity Among Girls With ADHD: A Meta-analysis
Tung, I., Li, J. J., Meza, J. I., Jezior, K. L., Kianmahd, J. S. V., Hentschel, P. G., O’Neil, P. M., & Lee, S. S. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0430 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“Methodological variables included: (1) sample source (clinic-referred, community-referred, both), (2) medication status (% medicated), (3) ADHD subtypes included (any subtype, combined only), (4) informant for ADHD and comorbid disorders (parent, child, teacher), and (5) assessment method for ADHD and comorbid disorde…”
BackgroundShared familial transmission of autism spectrum and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorders
Musser, E. D., Hawkey, E., Kachan‐Liu, S. S., Lees, P., Roullet, J., Goddard, K., Steiner, R. D., & Nigg, J. T. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12201 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lasky, A. K., Weisner, T. S., Jensen, P. S., Hinshaw, S. P., Hechtman, L. T., Arnold, L. E., Murray, D. W., & Swanson, J. M. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.003 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Between half and twothirds of children diagnosed with ADHD no longer meet full diagnostic criteria by young adulthood (Barkley et al., 2010; Biederman et al., 2010; Hinshaw et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKessler, R. C., Adler, L. A., Berglund, P. A., Green, J. G., McLaughlin, K. A., Fayyad, J. A., Russo, L., Sampson, N. A., Shahly, V., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002419 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“…prospective studies examined this attenuation but their estimates were biased by controls including only childhood-onset (i.e. not adolescent-onset) co-morbid disorders (Hinshaw et al. 2012), leading to an underestimation of the extent to which co-morbid disorders mediate the effects of ADHD.”
BackgroundBehavior Management for School-Aged Children with ADHD
Pfiffner, L. J., & Haack, L. M. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.05.014 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Neural responses to monetary incentives among self-injuring adolescent girls
Sauder, C. L., Derbidge, C. M., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000449 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“…self-injury and suicide attempts among adolescent girls who were diagnosed with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in middle school (Hinshaw et al., 2012), with well replicated associations between trait impulsivity and both self-injury and BPD in adulthood (see Beauchaine et al.,…”
BackgroundCrowell, S. E., Baucom, B., McCauley, E., Potapova, N. V., Fitelson, M., Barth, H., Smith, C. J., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2013.785360 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Moreover, longitudinal studies with girls find that combined type attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder predicts self-injury 10 years later (Hinshaw et al., 2012) and childhood attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder predict adolescent BPD symptoms (Stepp, Burke,…”
Furczyk, K., & Thome, J. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-014-0150-1 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Doidge, J., Flora, D. B., & Toplak, M. E. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054718815588 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“…with ADHD tend to have substantially greater problems in both externalizing and internalizing behaviors, as well as poorer social skills and lower feelings of self-worth, compared with TD girls (Cardoos & Hinshaw, 2011; Hinshaw, 2002; Hinshaw, Owens, Sami, & Fargeon, 2006; Hinshaw et al., 2012).”
Childress, A. C., & Sallee, F. R. (2014) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0130-6 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“follow-up than controls without ADHD [5].”
The strives, struggles, and successes of women diagnosed with ADHD as adults
Holthe, M. E. G., & Langvik, E. (2017) · Sage Open · doi:10.1177/2158244017701799 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“, 2006), which suggests that ADHD is potentially underdiagnosed in girls, and/or that girls are more likely than boys to display the inattentive presentation of ADHD, which tends to persist longer throughout development (e.g., Hart, Lahey, Loeber, Applegate, & Frick, 1995; Hinshaw et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe association of ADHD symptoms to self-harm behaviours: a systematic PRISMA review
Allely, C. S. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-133 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“[47] assessed variety and frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) using a modification of Claes, Vandereycken, and Vertommen’s [54] Self-Injury Questionnaire (SIQ).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialReproductive steroids and ADHD symptoms across the menstrual cycle
Roberts, B., Eisenlohr-Moul, T., & Martel, M. M. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.11.015 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Although ADHD is more frequently diagnosed in males, females with ADHD often become particularly impaired and exhibit comorbid disorders beginning during adolescence (Biederman et al., 1999; Hinshaw et al., 2012; Hosain, et al., 2012; Lahey et al. 1994; Quinn, 2005; Robison et al., 2008).”
Beauchaine, T. P., Hinshaw, S. P., & Bridge, J. A. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618818474 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“…and sexual abuse, are at 50% risk for developing NSSI, and at 33% risk for suicide attempts by late adolescence and early adulthood (Guendelman Owens, Galan, Gard, & Hinshaw, 2016; Hinshaw et al., 2012; Owens, & Hinshaw, 2016; Swanson, Owens, & Hinshaw, 2014; Stepp, Burke, Hipwell, & Loeber, 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInhibitory control in people who self-injure: Evidence for impairment and enhancement
Allen, J. D., & Hooley, J. M. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.033 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Given the relatively high prevalence of selfinjury in these clinical populations relative to community samples (Nock et al., 2006; Peebles et al., 2011; Hinshaw et al., 2012), it is possible that impaired inhibitory control is associated with a variety of direct and indirect self-injurious behaviors.”
BackgroundLahey, B. B., Lee, S. S., Sibley, M. H., Applegate, B., Molina, B. S. G., & Pelham, W. E. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000086 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Consistent with a previous longitudinal study showing persisting deficits in girls with ADHD during adolescence (Hinshaw et al., 2012; Owens, Hinshaw, Lee, & Lahey, 2009), girls with the diagnosis of ADHD at baseline had poorer long-term outcomes than boys with ADHD.”
ResultAhmad, S. I., & Hinshaw, S. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0226-9 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Within the limited prospective research on young women with childhood ADHD (see Babinski et al. 2011; Biederman et al. 2010; Hinshaw et al. 2012), ADHD does appear to predict later externalizing behavior, yet less is known about potential developmental mechanisms (but see Owens and Hinshaw 2016).”
InfluentialSelf-citationHuang, K., Wei, H.-T., Hsu, J.-W., Bai, Y., Su, T., Li, C., Lin, W.-C., Tsai, S., Chang, W.-H., Chen, T., et al. (2018) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.8 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Crowell, S. E., Puzia, M., & Yaptangco, M. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.023 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“There is strong theoretical and empirical evidence linking early ADHD to later conduct problems, self-injury, borderline and antisocial personality disorders, substance use, and completed suicide [7,33,34].”
BackgroundCortese, S., Bellgrove, M. A., Brikell, I., Franke, B., Goodman, D. W., Hartman, C. A., Larsson, H., LEVIN, F. R., Ostinelli, E. G., Parlatini, V., et al. (2025) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21374 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Therefore, male patients are more likely to be referred to clinical services 251 .”
Impact of ADHD and cannabis use on executive functioning in young adults
Tamm, L., Epstein, J. N., Lisdahl, K. M., Molina, B. S. G., Tapert, S. F., Hinshaw, S. P., Arnold, L. E., Velanova, K., Abikoff, H., & Swanson, J. M. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“…greater impairment even though only 30% met current ADHD diagnostic criteria (Molina et al., 2009) suggesting a childhood diagnosis of ADHD is risk factor for continued EF deficits, which is consistent with other studies (Fischer et al., 2005; Halperin et al., 2008; Hinshaw et al., 2012).”
ResultSelf-citationExecutive functions in girls with ADHD followed prospectively into young adulthood.
Miller, M. R., Ho, J., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2012) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0027792 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationHallquist, M. N., Hipwell, A. E., & Stepp, S. D. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000058 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“…invalidation, poor modeling of emotion expression, and punishment of emotion-related behaviors may lead to emotional sensitivity, as well as intense and rapidly shifting emotions in a temperamentally vulnerable child (Beauchaine, Klein, Crowell, Derbidge, & Gatzke-Kopp, 2009; Hinshaw et al., 2012).”
BackgroundUniversity students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a literature review
Sedgwick, J. (2017) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2017.20 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Females are said to have more ADHD inattentive sub-type (Hinshaw et al. 2012), yet females are also more likely than males to do well at school, enter into higher education and graduate from university (Independent Commission on Fees, 2015).”
BackgroundThe Link Between Low Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Krauss, S., Dapp, L. C., & Orth, U. (2023) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221144255 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Suicide Ideation and Attempts in Children With Psychiatric Disorders and Typical Development
Mayes, S. D., Calhoun, S. L., Baweja, R. K., & Mahr, F. (2014) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000284 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“, 2008), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Hinshaw et al., 2012; Hurtig, Taanila, Moilanen, Nordstrom, & Ebeling, 2012), eating disorders (Favaro & Santonastaso, 1997; Franko & Keel, 2006; Mayes, Fernandez-Mendoza et al.”
Levin, R. L., & Rawana, J. S. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.09.010 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Benjet, C. L., González-Herrera, I., Silva, E. C., Méndez, E., Borges, G. L. G., Casanova, L., & Medina‐Mora, M. E. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.025 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“…disorders (MacLaren and Best, 2010), behavioral disorders like ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder (Cerutti et al., 2011; Hinshaw et al., 2012), and personality disorders, particularly borderline personality disorder of which NSSI is one symptom (Jenkins et al., 2015;…”
BackgroundMeza, J. I., Owens, E. B., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0036-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“1991), and young women with childhood psychiatric diagnoses show particularly increased risk (Hinshaw et al. 2012; Nock et al. 2006; Kessler et al. 2005; Andrews and Lewinsohn 1992).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA Biosocial Model of BPD: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Crowell, S. E., Kaufman, E. A., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0591-1_11 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Guendelman, M. D., Owens, E. B., Galán, C. A., Gard, A. M., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414001485 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Hinshaw et al. (2012) followed carefully assessed girls with and without ADHD into young adulthood and found serious negative outcomes for the ADHD sample, (e.g., psychiatric comorbidity, global and academic impairment, high service utilization, and high risk for self-harm).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationSensory profiles in adults with and without ADHD
Kamath, M. S., Dahm, C. R., Tucker, J., Huang‐Pollock, C. L., Etter, N. M., & Neely, K. A. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103696 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Impulsivity and Vulnerability to Psychopathology
Neuhaus, E., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394258932.ch6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Pediatric Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Rubio, B., Boes, A. D., Laganiere, S. E., Rotenberg, A., Jeurissen, D., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2015) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/0883073815615672 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Selinus, E. N., Molero, Y., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H. S., Lundström, S., Bottai, M., & Gumpert, C. H. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12655 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Meza, J. I., Owens, E. B., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000553 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“…followed sample of girls with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—itself increasingly understood as a risk factor for self-harm (Hinshaw et al., 2012)—and attempt to characterize (a) self-harm risk across the developmental period from adolescence through the end of young…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEck, K. V., Ballard, E. D., Hart, S. R., Newcomer, A., Musci, R. J., & Flory, K. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713518238 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“…regarding the link between ADHD and depressive symptoms have yielded both positive (Biederman, Petty, Evans, Small, & Faraone, 2010; Chronis-Tuscano et al., 2010) and negative findings (Hinshaw et al., 2012), and only one study has explored the relation among ADHD, depression, and suicide risk.”
BackgroundHaack, L. M., Villodas, M. T., McBurnett, K., Hinshaw, S. P., & Pfiffner, L. J. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0199-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“…predictive of substantial, persistent impairment in other relevant domains, such as academic underachievement, social relationships, comorbid internalizing disorders, and diminished well-being and quality of life (Coghill et al. 2009; Faraone et al. 2015; Hinshaw et al. 2012; Massetti et al. 2008).”
Self-citationGender differences in adult ADHD: Cognitive function assessed by the test of attentional performance
Stibbe, T., Huang, J., Paucke, M., Ulke, C., & Strauß, M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240810 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Some studies suggest that disease persistence into adulthood varies according to gender, with rates around 60% for women [11, 12] and only 35% for men [13].”
BackgroundBalázs, J., Győri, D., Horváth, L. O., Mészáros, G., & Szentiványi, D. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1620-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Parenting Stress as a Mediator Between Childhood ADHD and Early Adult Female Outcomes
Gordon, C. T., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1041595 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Hinshaw, Owens, Sami, and Fargeon (2006) and Hinshaw et al. (2012) provide full information about the follow-up.”
BackgroundSelf-citationStickley, A., Koyanagi, A., Ruchkin, V. V., & Kamio, Y. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.061 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“…on childhood ADHD has shown for example, that the disorder is associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation, and attempted and completed suicide by young adulthood (Barbaresi et al., 2013; Barkley and Fischer, 2005; Hinshaw et al., 2012; Sourander et al., 2009 [hyperkinetic behavior]).”
BackgroundEagle, T., & Ringland, K. E. (2023) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3597638.3608400 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“This lack of diagnosis in girls can lead to issues later in adulthood, such as low self-esteem and rejection sensitivity dysphoria 1 , among others [17, 72].”
BackgroundAdverse pregnancy outcomes after exposure to methylphenidate or atomoxetine during pregnancy
Bro, S. P., Kjaersgaard, M. I. S., Parner, E. T., Sørensen, M. J., Olsen, J., Bech, B. H., Pedersen, L. H., Christensen, J., & Vestergaard, M. (2015) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s72906 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Beauchaine, T. P., Sauder, C. L., Derbidge, C. M., & Uyeji, L. L. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000822 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“…and correlated environmental adversities in development of both (a) SII and suicidal behaviors (e.g., Guendelman, Owens, Galan, Gard, & Hinshaw, 2016; Hinshaw et al., 2012), and (b) cortical brain growth (e.g., Ansell, Rando, Tuit, Guarnaccia, & Sinha, 2012; Hair, Hanson, Wolfe, & Pollak, 2015).”
BackgroundFunctional Outcomes of Young Adults with Childhood ADHD: A Latent Profile Analysis
Merrill, B. M., Molina, B., Coxe, S., Gnagy, E., Altszuler, A. R., Macphee, F. L., Morrow, A. S., Trucco, E., & Pelham, W. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1547968 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Aligning with research indicating girls with ADHD are not at heightened risk for substance use problems or delinquency (Hinshaw et al., 2012), results herein show that boys with ADHD are more likely than girls to engage in criminal activity and polysubstance use in adulthood.”
BackgroundHoward, A. L., Strickland, N. J., Murray, D. W., Tamm, L., Swanson, J. M., Hinshaw, S. P., Arnold, L. E., & Molina, B. S. G. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000100 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“…(ADHD), symptoms (particularly of the hyperactive/impulsive type) decline with age (Fischer, Barkley, Fletcher, & Smallish, 1993; Hart, Lahey, Loeber, Applegate, & Frick, 1995; Hinshaw et al., 2012; Molina et al., 2009), but impairments in daily life functioning typically persist into adulthood.”
Self-citationADHD, financial distress, and suicide in adulthood: A population study
Beauchaine, T. P., Ben-David, I., & Bos, M. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba1551 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Miller, M. R., Loya, F., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12074 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“…et al., 2007) and that hyperactive-impulsive symptoms decrease more rapidly than inattentive symptoms (e.g. Biederman, Mick & Faraone, 2000; Hinshaw et al., 2012; Kessler et al., 2010), sorely lacking is research documenting developmental changes in EF abilities and how such changes are…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationIdentifying Trajectories of Borderline Personality Features in Adolescence
Haltigan, J. D., & Vaillancourt, T. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743715625953 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Beauchaine, T. P., Ben‐David, I., & Sela, A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176933 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Depression and Suicidal Behavior in Young Adult Men and Women With ADHD
Babinski, D. E., Neely, K. A., Ba, D. M., & Liu, G. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.19m13130 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Brahmbhatt, K., Hilty, D. M., Hah, M., Han, J., Angkustsiri, K., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.025 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Guendelman, M. D., Ahmad, S. I., Meza, J. I., Owens, E. B., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-9984-z · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“2006) and 10 years (Wave 3; Hinshaw et al. 2012) following the summer camps.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationUnderstanding the Stigma Associated with ADHD: Hope for the Future?
Nguyen, P. T., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2020) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2020.28.5.1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationExperiences of employed women with attention deficit hyperactive disorder: A phenomenological study
Schreuer, N., & Dorot, R. (2017) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-172509 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Fuller‐Thomson, E., Rivière, R. N., Carrique, L., & Agbeyaka, S. (2020) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1856258 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Correlates of Suicide Ideation and Attempts in Children and Adolescents With Eating Disorders
Mayes, S. D., Fernández‐Mendoza, J., Baweja, R. K., Calhoun, S. L., Mahr, F., Aggarwal, R., & Arnold, M. (2014) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2014.915694 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…adults is linked with depression (Greening, Stoppelbein, Luebbe, & Fite, 2010; Gvion & Apter, 2011), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; Hinshaw et al., 2012; Hurtig, Taanila, Moilanen, Nordstrom, & Ebeling, 2012), autism (Mayes, Gorman, Hillwig-Garcia, & Syed, 2013), and oppositional…”
BackgroundSuicide Attempts Among Adolescents with Self-Reported Disabilities
Moses, T. (2017) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-017-0761-9 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“At the same time, youth with disabilities that are relatively less prevalent and less well studied in terms of suicidal behavior– ASD, sensory impairments, physical mobility disabilities, speech/language disabilities and chronic health conditions– reported surprisingly high rates of SA relative to peers reporting disa…”
BackgroundMeyer, B. J., Stevenson, J., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717723988 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…and undersupported ADHD is equally debilitating for females as males (Quinn & Madhoo, 2014; Rucklidge, 2010) and females with ADHD are at higher risk of self-harm and suicide than their non-ADHD peers (Hinshaw et al., 2012), these findings highlight potential directions for future investigation.”
BackgroundAustgulen, A., Skram, N. K. G., Haavik, J., & Lundervold, A. J. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05099-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“%) when compared to individuals with ADHD-I presentation and those without ADHD [44, 47].”
BackgroundInfluentialLundervold, A. J., Hinshaw, S. P., Sørensen, L., & Posserud, M.-B. R. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0739-3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Longitudinal studies have shown that adolescents with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD tend to display symptoms of depression ([14, 15]), and persistent ADHD symptoms frequently cooccur in those adolescents.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Hinshaw, S. P., Owens, E. B., Zalecki, C., Huggins, S. P., Montenegro-Nevado, A. J., Schrodek, E., & Swanson, E. N.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Institute for Human Development (IN)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Palo Alto University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1041-1051
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- PMC
- PMC3543865
- OpenAlex
- W2135680338
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 16.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (45064)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, girls, early adulthood, long-term outcomes, suicide attempts, self-harm, functional disability, combined type ADHD, inattentive type ADHD, comorbid symptoms, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, substance use, eating pathology, driver behavior, service utilization, adult ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Self Concept, Suicide, Attempted, Self-Injurious Behavior, Young Adult
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