Exercise Improves Behavioral, Neurocognitive, and Scholastic Performance in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Objective To examine the effect of a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on preadolescent children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using objective measures of attention, brain neurophysiology, and academic performance.Study design Using a within-participants design, task performance and event-related brain potentials were assessed while participants performed an attentional-control task following a bout of exercise or seated reading during 2 separate, counterbalanced sessions.Results Following a single 20-minute bout of exercise, both children with ADHD and healthy match control children exhibited greater response accuracy and stimulus-related processing, with the children with ADHD also exhibiting selective enhancements in regulatory processes, compared with after a similar duration of seated reading. In addition, greater performance in the areas of reading and arithmetic were observed following exercise in both groups.Conclusion These findings indicate that single bouts of moderately intense aerobic exercise may have positive implications for aspects of neurocognitive function and inhibitory control in children with ADHD.
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Four out of the 16 ADHD articles did not report the results of any non-significant findings.
“One possible explanation is the issue of reporting bias; 4 out of the 16 ADHD articles did not report the results of any non-significant findings (i.e., Choi et al. 2015;Gawrilow et al. 2016;Pontifex et al. 2013;Ziereis and Jansen 2015).”
From A meta-analytic review of the efficacy of physical exercise interventions on cognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD (2016) · cites this paper as Pontifex et al. 2013
ADHD studies generally report positive findings of the effects of exercise interventions on aspects of EF, but the efficacy remains unclear.
“Despite conflicting findings, ADHD studies generally report positive findings of the effects of exercise interventions on aspects of EF (e.g., Choi et al. 2015;Pontifex et al. 2013) but the efficacy remains unclear.”
From A meta-analytic review of the efficacy of physical exercise interventions on cognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD (2016) · cites this paper as Pontifex et al. 2013
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“Despite conflicting findings, ADHD studies generally report positive findings of the effects of exercise interventions on aspects of EF (e.g., Choi et al. 2015; Pontifex et al. 2013) but the efficacy remains unclear.”
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The Benefits of Movement for Youth: A Whole Child Approach
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- Authors
- Pontifex, M. B., Saliba, B. J., Raine, L. B., Picchietti, D. L., & Hillman, C. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Carle Foundation Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pontifex, Matthew B.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 543-551
- ISSN
- 0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3556380
- OpenAlex
- W2107762576
- Cited by
- 417
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 17.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD055352, R01HD069381, T32HD007333)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, aerobic exercise, single bout exercise, preadolescents, event-related potentials, inhibitory control, attentional control, academic performance, neurocognitive function
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Child, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Exercise
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