The Association Between Insomnia and Sleep Duration in Adults With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results From a General Population Study
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Study objectives Insomnia and short or long sleep duration are important comorbid conditions in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but reports of the association vary. In a general population study, we evaluated the relationship between ADHD symptom severity, insomnia symptoms, and sleep duration in adults. Methods Data were from the third wave of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2; n = 4,618). ADHD symptom severity and symptom dimensions (hyperactivity and inattention) were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale screener. Self-reported insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Rating Scale; IRS) were defined as clinically relevant if IRS ≥ 9. Self-reported short sleep duration was defined as ≤ 6 hours, and long sleep duration as ≥ 10 hours. Results Within the group with clinically relevant ADHD symptoms, 43% reported significant insomnia symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74-4.07); 41% short sleep duration (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.94, 95% CI 1.31-2.85) and 6% long sleep (RRR = 5.87, 95% CI 1.97-17.45). Increased inattention symptoms were associated with IRS ≥ 9, short and long sleep duration in fully adjusted models (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.14; RRR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09; RRR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28, respectively). Increased hyperactivity symptoms were associated with IRS ≥ 9 (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.11-1.23) and short sleep duration (RRR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.19). Conclusions Both clinically significant ADHD symptoms and inattention and hyperactivity symptom dimensions were consistently associated with insomnia symptoms and altered sleep duration. These associations confirm that sleep disturbances should be assessed and given appropriate clinical attention in adults with ADHD.
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Two studies applied a cut-off of minimum four out of six symptoms present.
“Two studies applied a cut-off of minimum four out of six symptoms present (a more strict cut-off) (Park et al., 2011;Wynchank et al., 2018).”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Wynchank et al., 2018
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Sørensen, L., Hjo, C., Vollsund, A. E., Flo, E., Jensen, D. A., Tømmeraas, A. M., Holmen, N., Becker, S. P., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Bjorvatn, B., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121941 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Han, J., Nam, G., Han, S., Park, H., & Park, S. J. (2021) · 신경정신의학 · doi:10.4306/jknpa.2021.60.1.78 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kooij, J. J. S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82812-7_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationAandachtsdeficiëntie-/hyperactiviteitsstoornis (ADHD)
Bijlenga, D., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2020) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-2524-5_14
Self-citationRubio, A. D. R. M., Núñez, M. N., Hernández, V. F. F., & Salazar, C. M. L. (2023) · LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades · doi:10.56712/latam.v4i1.444 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rubio, A. D. R. M., Núñez, M. N., Hernández, V. F. F., & Salazar, C. M. L. (2023) · LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades · doi:10.56712/latam.v4i1.446
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Skoglund, L. B., & Plęs, Ł. M. (2025) · Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego eBooks · doi:10.18778/8331-711-3
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Asherson, P. J., Giaroli, G., Gringras, P., Phillips, H., Selsick, H., Smith, M., & Hank, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1566390
Association Between Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and ADHD/ASD: A Review of Current Evidence
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Insomnie, démarche diagnostique
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- Authors
- Wynchank, D., ten Have, M., Bijlenga, D., Penninx, B. W., Beekman, A. T., Lamers, F., de Graaf, R., & Kooij, J. J. S.
- Affiliations
- PsyQ (NL)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Wynchank, Dora
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
- Published
- 2018-03-15
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 349-357
- ISSN
- 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9397
- PMC
- PMC5837836
- OpenAlex
- W2793584597
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 7.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, insomnia, sleep duration, short sleep duration, long sleep, inattentive symptoms, hyperactivity symptoms, ADHD symptom severity, sleep disorders, adult ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Sleep, Young Adult
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