Neural bases of Theory of Mind in children with autism spectrum disorders and children with conduct problems and callous‐unemotional traits
Open accessAbstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have difficulty understanding other minds (Theory of Mind; ToM), with atypical processing evident at both behavioural and neural levels. Individuals with conduct problems and high levels of callous‐unemotional (CU) traits (CP/HCU) exhibit reduced responsiveness to others' emotions and difficulties interacting with others, but nonetheless perform normally in experimental tests of ToM. The present study aimed to examine the neural underpinnings of ToM in children (aged 10–16) with ASD (N = 16), CP/HCU (N = 16) and typically developing (TD) controls (N = 16) using a non‐verbal cartoon vignette task. Whilst individuals with ASD were predicted to show reduced fMRI responses across regions involved in ToM processing, CP/HCU individuals were predicted to show no differences compared with TD controls. The analyses indicated that neural responses did not differ between TD and CP/HCU groups during ToM. TD and CP/HCU children exhibited significantly greater medial prefrontal cortex responses during ToM than did the ASD group. Within the ASD group, responses in medial prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) correlated with symptom severity as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Findings suggest that although both ASD and CP/HCU are characterized by social difficulties, only children with ASD display atypical neural processing associated with ToM.
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The conduct disorder group tends to perform at an average level on alternative ToM tasks and tends to have intact mentalizing capacity.
“Despite poor emotion recognition performance, the same group tends to perform at an average level on alternative ToM tasks and tends to have intact mentalizing capacity (O’Nions et al., 2014).”
From ‘Theory of Mind’ is not Theory of Emotion: a cautionary note on the reading the Mind in the Eyes test (2016) · cites this paper as O’Nions et al., 2014
The Abstract says children with conduct problems and high callous-unemotional traits (CP/HCU) perform normally on experimental ToM tests, and the Discussion says their ToM-related neural responses were comparable to controls. The claim calls this a conduct disorder group, but the paper's finding is limited to children with CP/HCU, not conduct disorder generally. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- O'Nions, E., Sebastian, C. L., McCrory, E., Chantiluke, K., Happé, F., & Viding, E.
- Affiliations
- Developmental Risk & Resilience Unit Clinical Educational, and Health Psychology Research Department University College London UK
- Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Developmental Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-03-17
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 786-796
- ISSN
- 1363-755X (ISSN-L)
- 1467-7687
- PMC
- PMC4316185
- OpenAlex
- W2168034076
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 5.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Developmental Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Staff Publications Online (The Tavistock and Portman) (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Academy (53229)
- Economic and Social Research Council (RES-062-23- 2202)
- Central Research Funds (AR/CRF/B16)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- theory of mind, autism spectrum disorder, callous-unemotional traits, conduct problems, children, medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, neural correlates, social cognition, symptom severity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Empathy, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Reaction Time, Linear Models, Conduct Disorder, Theory of Mind
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