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Cited by 8Resilience and Mental HealthChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

A structural equation model of parenting and child's resilience after the earthquake in Türkiye

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Kuru, Nilüfer, Ungar, Michael·2025·Family Process
DOI 10.1111/famp.13061PMC PMC11786252
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Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between parental psychological wellbeing, parenting, children's psychological difficulties, and prosocial behavior in Kahramanmaraş earthquake‐affected families living in Türkiye in 2023. To this end, a mediation model was proposed for parental psychological distress that was hypothesized to exert an indirect effect on a child's psychological difficulties and prosocial behavior through parenting. Participants were 358 preschoolers between 4 and 6 years old and their one parent (father or mother) who completed a set of validated self‐report surveys in a cross‐sectional design study. Results showed positive associations between parental psychological distress and child's psychological difficulties but negative association with child's prosocial behavior. Furthermore, quality of parenting mediated the association between parental psychological distress and child's psychological difficulties and prosocial behavior. Our findings suggest that positive parenting may serve as a protective mechanism that mediates the association between parental psychological distress and a child's psychological difficulties and prosocial behaviors among families displaced by a natural disaster like an earthquake. These findings point to the need for supporting positive parent–child relationships in addition to decreasing the psychological distress of parents when exposed to potentially traumatizing events like this.

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  • Increased parental stress has been associated with reduced caregiving consistency, emotional availability, and responsiveness.

    “Increased parental stress has been associated with reduced caregiving consistency, emotional availability, and responsiveness (26, 27).”

    From Epigenetic changes associated with multi-generational trauma: characterization, mechanisms, and therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as [27]

    The section “The role of parenting in the aftermath of an earthquake” says parental distress is linked to lower-quality parenting behaviors, and the Discussion describes distress as negatively affecting parenting. The paper does not establish that stress specifically reduces caregiving consistency, emotional availability, and responsiveness; it describes consistent parenting as protective and measures the parent–child relationship more generally. The retrieved passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • These caregiving differences correspond with increased emotional and behavioral difficulties in children.

    “These caregiving differences correspond with increased emotional and behavioral difficulties in children (26, 27).”

    From Epigenetic changes associated with multi-generational trauma: characterization, mechanisms, and therapeutics (2026) · cites this paper as [27]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kuru, N., & Ungar, M.
Affiliations
Dalhousie University (CA)
Corresponding author
Kuru, Nilüfer
ORCID
Venue
Family Process
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2024-09-24
Volume
64
Issue
1
Pages
e13061-e13061
ISSN
  • 0014-7370 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-5300
DOI
10.1111/famp.13061
PMC
PMC11786252
OpenAlex
W4402777772
Cited by
8
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 2
FWCI
4.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Family Process (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords
parenting quality, child resilience, parental psychological distress, prosocial behavior, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, parent-child relationship, mediation, preschool children, post-traumatic stress
MeSH terms
Latent Class Analysis, Psychological Distress, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Turkey, Parenting, Resilience, Psychological, Earthquakes

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