Generation of memory B cells and their reactivation
Abstract
Summary: The successful establishment of humoral memory response depends on at least two layers of defense. Pre‐existing protective antibodies secreted by long‐lived plasma cells act as a first line of defense against reinfection (“constitutive humoral memory”). Previously, a second line of defense in which pathogen‐experienced memory B cells are rapidly reactivated to produce antibodies (“reactive humoral memory”), was considered as simply a back‐up system for the first line (particularly for re‐infection with homologous viruses). However, in the case of re‐infection with similar but different strains of viruses, or in response to viral escape mutants, the reactive humoral memory plays a crucial role. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of how memory B cells are generated in the pre‐ GC stage and during the GC reaction, and how these memory B cells are robustly reactivated with the help of memory Tfh cells to generate the secondary antibody response. In addition, we discuss how these advances may be relevant to the quest for a vaccine that can induce broadly reactive antibodies against influenza and HIV .
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Persistent clones expand without accumulating large numbers of additional mutations, indicating that clonal expansion of human memory B cells does not require re-entry into germinal centres and occurs in the activated B cell compartment.
“The persistent clones expand without accumulating large numbers of additional mutations, indicating that clonal expansion of human memory B cells does not require re-entry into germinal centres and occurs in the activated B cell compartment17,27–31.”
From Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
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Memory B cells contribute to rapid Bcl6 expression by memory follicular helper T cells
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Heads, stalks and everything else: how can antibodies eradicate influenza as a human disease?
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Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection
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Selection in the germinal center
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Immunological memory in rheumatic inflammation - a roadblock to tolerance induction
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- Authors
- Inoue, T., Moran, I., Shinnakasu, R., Phan, T. G., & Kurosaki, T.
- Affiliations
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka (JP)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Phan, Tri Giang
- Kurosaki, Tomohiro
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-04-17
- Volume
- 283
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 138-149
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- OpenAlex
- W2801142885
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 2.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Secom Science and Technology Foundation (1124681, 1139865)
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (JP17K08882, JP17K08856, and JP26221306)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- memory B cells, germinal center reaction, secondary antibody response, long-lived plasma cells, viral escape mutants, influenza vaccination, HIV vaccine, broadly reactive antibodies
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibody Formation, B-Lymphocytes, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Lymphocyte Activation, Vaccines, Virus Diseases, Viruses, Immunity, Humoral
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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