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Online support for smoking cessation: a systematic review of the literature
Open accessAbstract
Aim To examine the efficacy and acceptability of online, interactive interventions for smoking cessation and to identify treatment effect moderators and mediators. Methods A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature (1990–2008) was conducted, finding 11 relevant randomized controlled trials. Data were extracted and risk ratios and risk differences estimated with a random effects model. Results There was no evidence of publication bias. Included trials were of variable methodological quality. Web‐based, tailored, interactive smoking cessation interventions were effective compared with untailored booklet or e‐mail interventions [rate ratio (RR) 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–2.3] increasing 6‐month abstinence by 17% (95% CI 12–21%). No overall effect of interactive compared with static web‐based interventions was detected but there was significant heterogeneity, with one study obtaining a clear effect and another failing to find one. Few moderating or mediating factors were evaluated in studies and those that were had little effect. Pooled results suggest that only interventions aimed at smokers motivated to quit were effective (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.7). Fully automated interventions increased smoking cessation rates (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.0), but evidence was less clear‐cut for non‐automated interventions. Overall, the web‐based interventions evaluated were considered to be acceptable and user satisfaction was generally high. Conclusion Interactive, web‐based interventions for smoking cessation can be effective in aiding cessation. More research is needed to evaluate the relative efficacy of interactive web‐based interventions compared with static websites.
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“Hence, the positive findings of that numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the effects of Web-based interventions for specific behaviors including smoking cessation [36], reducing alcohol consumption [37], safer sexual behaviors [34], and increasing physical activity [38] are reassuring even if the effect sizes tend to be small.”
From Web-Based Interventions for Behavior Change and Self-Management: Potential, Pitfalls, and Progress (2012) · cites this paper as [36]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shahab, L., & McEwen, A.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Shahab, Lion
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-10-09
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1792-1804
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W1979895518
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- discovery.ucl.ac.uk
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, online intervention, interactive intervention, personalized interventions, automated intervention, abstinence rates, treatment acceptability, user satisfaction, treatment moderators
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Pamphlets, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Education as Topic, Self Care, Smoking, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Internet, Intention
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