Linking substance use with symptoms of subclinical psychosis in a community cohort over 30 years
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AIMS: The aim of the study was to examine the temporal associations between substance use and subclinical psychosis symptoms. DESIGN: Data from a prospective community study sampled within a single cohort over 30 years (1978-2008) were analysed with discrete-time hazard models. SETTING: General population-based sample. PARTICIPANTS: At initial sampling in 1978 males (n = 292) were 19 and females (n = 299) were 20 years old. MEASUREMENTS: Two psychosis syndromes representing 'schizotypal signs' and 'schizophrenia nuclear symptoms' and various substance use variables including cannabis, alcohol, tobacco and multiple-drug use (i.e. cannabis combined with other drugs). FINDINGS: In bivariate analyses, schizotypal signs were predominantly associated with regular cannabis use in adolescence (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.32-3.97). Schizophrenia nuclear symptoms were mainly related to alcohol (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.00-3.38) and multiple-drug use (OR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.38-4.02) during adolescence. Multivariate analyses showed that, in particular, regular cannabis use during adolescence was associated with the occurrence of subsequent schizotypal symptoms over a 30-year period (OR = 2.60, 95% CI; 1.59-4.23), whereas multiple-drug use in adolescence was associated predominantly with schizophrenia nuclear symptoms (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.01-3.03). Alcohol misuse was only slightly associated with the onset of such symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: A significant portion of the occurrence of subclinical psychosis symptoms in adulthood can be attributed to excessive cannabis and multiple-drug use during adolescence. This is in line with the hypothesis that long-term sensitization of dopaminergic brain receptors plays a role in developing psychotic symptoms.
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The Zurich study found weak evidence that cannabis use was associated with schizophrenia nuclear symptoms prior to adjustment.
“The Zurich study followed a sample of participants for 30 years (22), finding weak evidence that cannabis use was associated with schizophrenia nuclear symptoms prior to, but not after, adjustment.”
From Association Between Cannabis and Psychosis: Epidemiologic Evidence (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
The Zurich study found no evidence that cannabis use was associated with schizophrenia nuclear symptoms after adjustment.
“The Zurich study followed a sample of participants for 30 years (22), finding weak evidence that cannabis use was associated with schizophrenia nuclear symptoms prior to, but not after, adjustment.”
From Association Between Cannabis and Psychosis: Epidemiologic Evidence (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Rössler, W., Hengartner, M. P., Angst, J., & Ajdacic‐Gross, V.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-02-28
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1174-1184
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W1930445306
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- substance use, subclinical psychosis, schizotypy, cannabis use, adolescent substance use, multiple drug use, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, temporal association, psychosis risk
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychoses, Substance-Induced, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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